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Information Journal Paper

Title

Investigation of parameters affecting soil quality under saline and semi-saline conditions (case study of south and southwest of Khuzestan Province)

Pages

  405-423

Abstract

 Introduction Low rainfall, lack of good-quality irrigation water, high water level and high annual evaporation in the southwestern region of Khuzestan have led to the emergence of saline soils. Various environmental factors, such as low production and organic matter addition into the soil, high salt content, high concentration of sodium ions, high pH, and quality and depth of groundwater have significant effects on the qualitative indicators of saline soils in arid and semi-arid regions. Soil quality is an important measure of agricultural and environmental sustainability and is used to assess soil quality. Each soil quality index must include biological characteristics, be sensitive to environmental and managerial changes, and be effective in measuring quantitative and quantitative factors. Materials and Methods The present study was conducted to determine the soil quality index in a part of the southwestern lands of Khuzestan Province with three uses of agriculture and industry, traditional agriculture, and barren lands. Using systematic networking method as well as the characteristics of the study area, 180 soil samples were selected and 22 physical, chemical and biological parameters were determined in each sample. The parameters studied in this study included electrical conductivity, pH, sodium, calcium, magnesium, chlorine, bicarbonate, sulfate, SAR, CEC, exchangeable potassium, ozone-absorbable phosphorus, percentage of organic matter, activated carbon, percentage of clay, silt and sand, average soil diameter, water permeability coefficient in saturated state, specific apparent weight and surface soil hardness. Results and Discussion Once the laboratory results were determined, using statistical method of factor analysis (FA) and analysis of main components (PCA) in SPSS statistical software, among all the characteristics affecting soil quality (TDS), five characteristics of electrical conductivity, sodium concentration, Chlorine, sulfate, and SAR were identified as the most important characteristics affecting soil quality (MDS). The selection of these factors as MDS indicates the high impact of soluble salts and the low depth of groundwater on soil quality indicators of the study area, so that the accumulation of salts on the surface and depth of soil mainly affects soil quality. To evaluate the lands, two models of Integrated Soil Quality Index (IQI) and nemero quality index (NQI) were used in two sets of MDS and TDS. Then, in order to compare the performance of soil quality index methods, common methods of secondary root and Maximum limitation were used. Generally, the results showed that the lands of the region were at different levels in terms of soil quality indicators and land use appropriateness assessment methods, so that the fields of agro-industry showed maximum quality, traditional cultivated lands of medium quality and barren lands showed minimum quality. The Kappa coefficient calculated between the Cumulative Soil Quality Index (IQITDS) and the second and maximum rootstock methods was 0. 83 and 0. 37, respectively, indicating a high and moderate level of coordination between the data obtained from the various methods tested. The calculated correlation between the results obtained from IQITDS and IQIMDS is equal to 88. 43% and between the results of NQITDS and NQIMDS is equal to 80. 59%, both of which statistically significant. This suggests that a well-prepared MDS set can be used to represent the TDS set. Therefore, MDS can be used instead of TDS to reduce the time and cost of implementing similar research projects. Conclusion The results of this study show that soil leaching of cumulated salts from the surface and depth of soil profiles, especially in barren lands and under traditional agriculture, has been observed, and this is the main cause of differences between these lands and lands under agro-industry management. In agro-industry farms, due to surface leveling, drainage and leaching, cumulated salts have been removed from the soil profile as much as possible and the conditions for plant growth have been provided. Agricultural and industrial land management, especially in the field of adding low-consumption elements, organic matter and improving physical properties, should be continue in such a way that soil quality indicators are closer to the optimal range.

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    APA: Copy

    ZAHIRNIA, A., MATINFAR, H.R., & BAHRAMI, H.. (2020). Investigation of parameters affecting soil quality under saline and semi-saline conditions (case study of south and southwest of Khuzestan Province). AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING (SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE), 43(3 ), 405-423. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/402636/en

    Vancouver: Copy

    ZAHIRNIA A., MATINFAR H.R., BAHRAMI H.. Investigation of parameters affecting soil quality under saline and semi-saline conditions (case study of south and southwest of Khuzestan Province). AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING (SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE)[Internet]. 2020;43(3 ):405-423. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/402636/en

    IEEE: Copy

    A. ZAHIRNIA, H.R. MATINFAR, and H. BAHRAMI, “Investigation of parameters affecting soil quality under saline and semi-saline conditions (case study of south and southwest of Khuzestan Province),” AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING (SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE), vol. 43, no. 3 , pp. 405–423, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/402636/en

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