Laboratory Study of Standardized Shear Energy of Alfalfa Stem to Estimate Some Nutritional Quality Indices

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MAHARLOOEI M.; LOGHAVI M.; Bajwa S.G.; BERTI M.

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Paper Information

Journal: JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY Year:2018 | Volume:8 | Issue:1 (15) Page(s): 1-13

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Title

Laboratory Study of Standardized Shear Energy of Alfalfa Stem to Estimate Some Nutritional Quality Indices

Author(s)

MAHARLOOEI M. | LOGHAVI M. | Bajwa S.G. | BERTI M. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

ForageQ1

Nutritional quality indicesQ1

Precision agricultureQ2

Unitized shearing characteristicsQ1

Abstract

Introduction: Current study tries to find a new simple and practical real-time technique to estimate Forage crop Nutritional quality indices at field conditions. Estimating these indices help producers to have field quality variation layer to reach the goals of Precision agriculture. Previous studies have shown that standardized shear characteristics of crop stem would be a good indicator for some Nutritional quality indices. In previous studies, laboratory tests were conducted at controlled conditions of crop moisture content, stem diameter and employing standard shear test procedure. Materials and Methods: In order to simulate field conditions, a two-stage study was conducted in Iran and United States. In the first stage fresh and naturally sun dried alfalfa stems were used in evaluating four levels of crop growth stage and eight loading conditions (four loading rates and two stem conditions). In order to evaluate the effectiveness of shear technique with respect to the conventional harvest method in Iran, shear tests were conducted using fixed and moving knives of a standard square hay baler (John Deere-348). Special fixtures were constructed to attach these knives to a universal testing machine (SANTAM, STM-20). Since evaluation of the suggested method with regard to other quality related factor indices such as different varieties and seeding rates, was not practically feasible in Iran in the second stage of this research, five different varieties and three seeding rates were tested in United States. In this part of the study, shear tests were conducted using modified Varner-Bratzler shear test with universal testing machine (TESTRESOURCES-311). Based on the results of loading rate and stem condition in the first stage, shear tests were carried out using loading rate of 500 mm/min and multiple stem condition. In both stages Specific Shear Energy (shear energy per stem diameter, J mm-1) were calculated using trapezoidal method. In order to compare the shear energy results with crude fiber Nutritional quality indices such as Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Relative Feed Value (RFV), all alfalfa samples were analyzed using (Association of Official Agricultural Chemists) AOAC standard analytical laboratory methods. Statistical analyses were consisted of ANOVA mean comparison test at each level of factors and regression analysis to find the correlation between specific shear energy and Nutritional quality indices. ..

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APA: Copy

MAHARLOOEI, M., LOGHAVI, M., Bajwa, S.G., & BERTI, M.. (2018). Laboratory Study of Standardized Shear Energy of Alfalfa Stem to Estimate Some Nutritional Quality Indices. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY, 8(1 (15) ), 1-13. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/408171/en

Vancouver: Copy

MAHARLOOEI M., LOGHAVI M., Bajwa S.G., BERTI M.. Laboratory Study of Standardized Shear Energy of Alfalfa Stem to Estimate Some Nutritional Quality Indices. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY[Internet]. 2018;8(1 (15) ):1-13. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/408171/en

IEEE: Copy

M. MAHARLOOEI, M. LOGHAVI, S.G. Bajwa, and M. BERTI, “Laboratory Study of Standardized Shear Energy of Alfalfa Stem to Estimate Some Nutritional Quality Indices,” JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY, vol. 8, no. 1 (15) , pp. 1–13, 2018, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/408171/en

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