PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF STRAINS CAUSING GUMMY SPIKE BLIGHT OF WHEAT AND BARLEY IN SOME AREAS OF IRAN; SHORT REPORT

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SOLTANI M.; RAHIMIAN H.; BABAEIZAD V.

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Journal: IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY Year:2011 | Volume:47 | Issue:3 (187) Page(s): 315-315

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Title

PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF STRAINS CAUSING GUMMY SPIKE BLIGHT OF WHEAT AND BARLEY IN SOME AREAS OF IRAN; SHORT REPORT

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SOLTANI M. | RAHIMIAN H. | BABAEIZAD V. | Issue Writer Certificate

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Abstract

Gummy spike blight diseases of cereal has only been reported on wheat up to 2010 and the causative agents identified as Rathayibacter tritici and R. iranicus (Babaeezad, V., Rahimian, H. 2002. Iran. J. Plant Pathol. 38:47-55; Rahimian, H.1993. Proc. 11th, Iran. Plant Protec. Cong., Guilan Univ., Rasht, Iran. 35. Abst.). In the years 2010 and 2011, symptoms of gummy spike blight were observed on barley (Hordeum vulgare) in Ilam province and the associated bacterium was isolated and identified as a Rathayibacter species phenotypically non assignable to any species (Soltani. M., Fuladvand. A., Rahimian, H. and Babaeezad, V. 2010. Proc. 19th. Iranian Plant Protection Cong. P 429. Tehran, Iran). In the present study, strains of the bacterium associated with gummy spike blight were isolated from infected wheat and barley plants from several areas of Iran and their phenotypic and some genotypic features were determined. All strains were gram-positive, aerobic and catalase positive, but negative in tests for indole and acetoin production. The strains hydrolyzed esculin and Tween80 but not gelatin, starch, or casein. None of them produced oxidase nor arginine dihydrolase. Results of tests for potato rot, nitrate reduction, lecithinase, phosphatase, urease, tyrosinase, ketolactose and methyl red reaction were negative. The strains utilized xylose, L-arabinose, mannitol, inulin, citrate, fumarate, acetate and pectate but did not use malonate, pyruvate, citraconate and nicotinate. They produced acid from glucose, galactose, fructose, and mannose but not from rhamnose, raffinose or salicin. Strains isolated from barley, in contrast to isolates from wheat, used amygdalin but not succinate or L-tartarate. Both R. tritici and R. iranicus are found to be the species associated with these characteristics (Zgurskaya, H. I., Evtushenko, L. I., Akimov, V. N. & Kalakoutskii, L. V. 1993. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 43, 143-149). Strains isolated from barley and R. iranicus isolates in contrast to the strains identified as R. tritici, could not grow on CNS medium and were unable to use sebacate. Comparison of the protein profiles of the isolates with those of Rathayibacter toxicus strain ICMP 9525 (International Collection of Microorganisms from Plants, Aaukland, New Zeeland), R. iranicus strain IBSBF 636, R rathayi strain IBSBF 635and R. tritici strain IBSBF 632 (Biological Institute Culture Collection Phytopathogenic Bacteria, Compinas, Brasil, ) led to differentiation of the isolates into three groups. Based on the phenotypic features and the protein profiles, four isolates of wheat were similar to R. tritici and twenty two isolates were almost identical with the R.iranicus type strain. Strains isolated from barley formed an independent group. BOX-PCR wiht BOX A1R as primer (Versalovich, J., Schneider M. de Bruijn F.J., and Lupski, J.R. 1994. Methods Mol Cell Biol 5: 25-40) was used to assess the genetic heterogeneity of the strains. The method was carried out as described by Versalovich et al. (Versalovich, J., Koeuth, T. and Lupski, J. R. 1991. Nucleic acids res. 19:6823-6831). Time and temperature conditions consisted of a predenaturation step for 4 minutes (min) at 95oC for 4 min, followed by 34 steps of denaturation at 94oC, annealed at 50oC for 1 min and extended at 72oC for 1 min; a final extension step of 10 min at 72oC was also included. The products were electrophoresed in 1.5% agarose gel and the patterns scored for the presence or absence of prominent DNA bands. Similarity matrix of the strains was prepared using the Jaccard coefficient and cluster analysis, and the UPGMA method was performed using NTSYS-pc. At the similarity levels of 48%, 57%, 71% and 89%, the isolates fell into two, three, six and thirteen groups, respectively. The lowest similarity level (21%) was found between the strains isolated from wheat and barley with R. toxicus. Barley was similar to R. iranicus, R. rathayi and R. tritici at the levels of 75%, 56% and 50%, respectively. A wheat isolate showed phenotypically 66% similarity to type strain of R. iranicus, whereas its similarity to the type species of R. rathayi was 71%. Overall, although there was only slight phenotypic difference among the strains in each species, genetic heterogeneity was discernible in members of both species. At the present, barley isolates with characteristics intermediate among R. iranicus, R. tritici and R. rathayi, can be regarded as strains of a potentially undescribed species. Positive taxonomic identity and placement of these strains is pending the results of more experiments on genotypic features of their representative strains.

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APA: Copy

SOLTANI, M., RAHIMIAN, H., & BABAEIZAD, V.. (2011). PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF STRAINS CAUSING GUMMY SPIKE BLIGHT OF WHEAT AND BARLEY IN SOME AREAS OF IRAN; SHORT REPORT. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 47(3 (187)), 315-315. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/48167/en

Vancouver: Copy

SOLTANI M., RAHIMIAN H., BABAEIZAD V.. PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF STRAINS CAUSING GUMMY SPIKE BLIGHT OF WHEAT AND BARLEY IN SOME AREAS OF IRAN; SHORT REPORT. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY[Internet]. 2011;47(3 (187)):315-315. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/48167/en

IEEE: Copy

M. SOLTANI, H. RAHIMIAN, and V. BABAEIZAD, “PHENOTYPIC AND GENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF STRAINS CAUSING GUMMY SPIKE BLIGHT OF WHEAT AND BARLEY IN SOME AREAS OF IRAN; SHORT REPORT,” IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, vol. 47, no. 3 (187), pp. 315–315, 2011, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/48167/en

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