BOOKBINDING IN KHURASAN DURING 9TH/15TH CENTURY

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AMIRKHANI GH.R.

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Journal: HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA Year:2009 | Volume:- | Issue:37 Page(s): 95-101

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Title

BOOKBINDING IN KHURASAN DURING 9TH/15TH CENTURY

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AMIRKHANI GH.R. | Issue Writer Certificate

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Abstract

The fifteenth century, 9th century A.H., in Iran has been known as Timurid period. In spite of political and social conflicts and many contradictions, the Timurid rulers were interested to arts, specially the art of the book. In fact, they caused a wide range of masterpieces and antiquarian manuscripts by supporting and backing up the artists. Although, the precious copies of books had been created in different cities and areas through Iran, the head quarter of these arts was Khurasan (the Great Khurasan). During nearly one hundred years, first Herat and later other cities of Khurasan became famous for their magnificent works of book covering and binding in leather stamp, block stamp and cat pattern styling. This research deals with the bookbinding as a kind of arts were created within libraries. Art of the book mostly included painting, calligraphy, and bookbinding. In other word, painters, calligraphers, and bookbinders were a group of library staffs. We don't know a lot about the origin of Khurasan bookbinding but some European writers believed the technique of painting on pasteboard under lacquer varnish, for example, utilized in Khurasan from 15th century. Originating in China, this technique was transmitted to east of Iran as a result of the expanded contacts with China during the Timurid dynasty. The greatest books were produced in the royal workshops and libraries to the orders of Timurid princes, but there was also an extensive trade in books and booksellers often having a particular street or alley in a great city. In royal workshops, the binders would be essential members, though comparatively few attained a status sufficient to cause their name to be recorded. The bookbinding of Khurasan style had many famous artists during fifteenth century. Amongst them Qavam al-Din, to whom he attributes the invention of filigree and a report under the title of "Arze dasht", writing by Jafar Tabrizi(Baysunquri), on work in progress by Qavam al-Din and his colleagues, but no binding definitely known to be by him survives. Some precious and well-known manuscripts with flourishing covers that are mostly preserved in Turkish museums are as below: – Kalila and Dimna: the illustrated copy with 19 miniatures and ornamented stamp cover. Jafar Baysunquri wrote this copy in 823 A.H./ 1420 A.D. – Shahnemeh Ferdowsi which also copied for Baysounqur by Jafar Baysunquri during 829-833 A.H. in Heart. Its binder was Qavam al-Din Tabrizi. This copy of shahnameh with excellent illuminations is included in UNESCO's Memory of the World Register of cultural heritage. – Jami al-usul: Another binding for Baysunqur which might be the work of this master is that to a Jami al-Usul of Ibn al-Athir copied in 839 A.H./ 1435 A.D. It has been estimated that the decoration would have required 550000 blind-tooled stamps and 43000 gold ones, and that it would have taken five years to complete Selected works of Attar Nishaburi in two volumes which made for Shah Rukh Mirza is in the same vein of traditional abstract decoration. In spite of other examples, there is the signature of the bookbinder (mujallid), Nizam Tabrizi. Second volume has a Chinese decoration style.

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APA: Copy

AMIRKHANI, GH.R.. (2009). BOOKBINDING IN KHURASAN DURING 9TH/15TH CENTURY. HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA, -(37), 95-101. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/5863/en

Vancouver: Copy

AMIRKHANI GH.R.. BOOKBINDING IN KHURASAN DURING 9TH/15TH CENTURY. HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA[Internet]. 2009;-(37):95-101. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/5863/en

IEEE: Copy

GH.R. AMIRKHANI, “BOOKBINDING IN KHURASAN DURING 9TH/15TH CENTURY,” HONAR-HA-YE-ZIBA, vol. -, no. 37, pp. 95–101, 2009, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/5863/en

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