Effects of microencapsulated sodium butyrate on performance, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility of suckling Holstein calves

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ABDI BENEMAR H.; SEIFDAVATI J.; SEIFZADEH S.; RAMEZANI M.

Title

Effects of microencapsulated sodium butyrate on performance, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility of suckling Holstein calves

Author(s)

ABDI BENEMAR H. | SEIFDAVATI J. | SEIFZADEH S. | RAMEZANI M. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Sodium butyrate

capsulated butyrate

blood parameters

Holstein calves

Abstract

Introduction: Suckling calves rearing is the most crucial period for a dairy farmer because calves today will make the cows in the herd tomorrow. The success of the calf rearing period is the production of strong and healthy calves at weaning that continue well to their steady growth after weaning. Rumen of neonate calves is inactive and undeveloped and its stimulation to fast growth is of most importance. Volatile fatty acids including acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid are considering as main stimulators of rumen growth (Gorka et al., 2009). Acetate is primarily needed for peripheral energy, and in the adult cow part of it is incorporated into milk fat. Propionate is used to produce glucose in the liver. However, the role of butyrate for the ruminant is quite different. Butyric acid is one of the energy sources for rumen epithelial cells and has more stimulating effect (Heinrichs and Lesmeister, 2005). Butyrate inclusion in both milk replacer and solid feed has been shown to have beneficial effects on both intestinal development and animal growth in young livestock (Gorka et al., 2009). Enteric disorders in calves are associated with microbial dysbiosis in the gut, and thus the health-promoting effects of exogenous butyrate may be underpinned by modulation of the gastrointestinal microbiota. There is an evidence that encapsulated butyrate can reduce enteric pathogen colonization in swine and poultry and direct infusion of butyrate into the mature sheep rumen caused significant changes to the resident microbiota (Gorka et al., 2017). Based on this information, use of butyrate supplements in suckling calves nutrition was recommended to stimulate rumen epithelium growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of microencapsulated Sodium butyrate on performance, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility of suckling Holstein calves. Materials and methods: For this experiment, 24 newly-born Holstein calves (average age 1-10 days, average weight 39± 4 kg) were used in a completely randomized design with three treatments and eight replications. The experimental treatments were: 1) Starter diet with no additive (control), 2) Starter diet with 5 g of Sodium butyrate per day, 3) Starter diet with 15 g of microencapsulated Sodium butyrate per day. Starter diet and water were available ad-libitum throughout the experiment. Calves were divided randomly among the experimental groups based on their birth weight to have similar average birth weight. Colostrum feeding was done by a nipple pail until three days of age and thereafter, milk feeding program was followed by feeding 4 kg whole milk from birth to d 14 in two meals, 6 kg milk from d 14 to 60 in two meals and 3 kg milk from d 60 til 65 in one meal and weaned at d 65. Milk was fed at 8: 00 and 18: 00 by bucket, and no refusal of the offered milk remained. Calves had free access to starter diet and water from d 7 of life and chopped alfalfa was included in the diet from d 20 of life at the rate 10 percent of starter diet. Individual pens, with 1×2. 5 m dimensions, that cleaned and bedded daily by fresh and dry straw were used for keeping the calves. For determination of growth performance throughout the experiment, calves were weighed biweekly on d 14, 28 and 42 of the experiment individually prior morning milk meal and the difference between two weighting was considered as weight change. Starter intake was determined from the difference between the offered feed and the refusal remainder the next day. Blood sampling were taken monthly (two times, on d 30 and 60) from jugular vein in two stage of all calves 4 hours after morning feeding. The collected blood samples were centrifuged at 3500×g for 15 min at 4° C and the obtained plasma and serum samples were freezed at-20° C till the analysis day. After thawing on room tempreture, the samples were analyzed to determine the concentration of glucose, total protein, albumin, glubolin, cholestrol, triglyceride, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, and betahydroxy butyrate. Apparent digestibility of nutrients including dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract and neutral detergent fiber was measured by using acid insoluble ash as external marker. Results and discussion: The results showed that the addition of microencapsulated Sodium butyrate in starter diet of suckling calves had no effect on final body weight, starter intake and feed conversion ratio of calves. Calves fed 15 gr of microencapsulated Sodium butyrate had significantly higher daily gain in the first month and total experiment period compared with control one (P<0. 05). There were no significant differences among the experimental treatments on average daily gain in the second month. The results showed that supplementing calves with butyrate supplements, encapsulated or common Sodium butyrate did not influence blood concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin, total protein, and blood urea at d 30 or 65 experiment; whereas, blood beta-hydroxy butyrate concentration was higher in calves fed microencapsulated form compared with control calves (P <0. 05). Feeding butyrate supplements had no effects on digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude fat and neutral detergent fiber. Protein digestibility increased significantly by feeding the microencapsulated form of Sodium butyrate compared with the control (P <0. 05). Gorka et al. (2009) reported that use of butyrate in starter feed of calves had not significant effect on body weight gain. Ferreira and Bittar (2011) reported that blood betahydroxy butyrate concentration was not affected by addition butyrate supplementation. Deymeh et al. (2014) reported that supplementing starter diet of calves with butyrate causing improve protein digestibility. Guilloteau et al. (2010) reported that feeding butyrate supplement in milk replacer improves pankreas function and nutrient dugestibility. Zabielski et al. (2008) stated that feeding butyrate to suckling calves increased the length of intestinal papillae. Rearing suckling calves is one of the most important management programs in dairy cow farms and use of good and precise nutritional strategies is of importance for growth and health of calves. Application of feed additives is one of these nutritional tools. The results of this study proposed that the addition of microencapsulated Sodium butyrate, compared with common Sodium butyrate, based on its positive effects on performance and nutrient digestibility and blood beta-hydroxy butyrate concentration, can be recommended in rearing suckling calves.

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APA: Copy

ABDI BENEMAR, H., SEIFDAVATI, J., SEIFZADEH, S., & RAMEZANI, M.. (2020). Effects of microencapsulated sodium butyrate on performance, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility of suckling Holstein calves. ANIMAL SCIENCE RESEARCHES (FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, UNIVERSITY OF TABRIZ), 30(2 ), 73-83. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/952993/en

Vancouver: Copy

ABDI BENEMAR H., SEIFDAVATI J., SEIFZADEH S., RAMEZANI M.. Effects of microencapsulated sodium butyrate on performance, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility of suckling Holstein calves. ANIMAL SCIENCE RESEARCHES (FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, UNIVERSITY OF TABRIZ)[Internet]. 2020;30(2 ):73-83. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/952993/en

IEEE: Copy

H. ABDI BENEMAR, J. SEIFDAVATI, S. SEIFZADEH, and M. RAMEZANI, “Effects of microencapsulated sodium butyrate on performance, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility of suckling Holstein calves,” ANIMAL SCIENCE RESEARCHES (FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, UNIVERSITY OF TABRIZ), vol. 30, no. 2 , pp. 73–83, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/952993/en

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Scientific Information Database

ISSN: 2588-4824

Journal Paper

Effects of microencapsulated sodium butyrate on performance, blood metabolites and nutrient digestibility of suckling Holstein calves