Optimization of compressed soybean tablet production using response surface methodology

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GHORBANI A.; AMIRI CHAYJAN R.; GHASEMI A.

Title

Optimization of compressed soybean tablet production using response surface methodology

Author(s)

GHORBANI A. | AMIRI CHAYJAN R. | GHASEMI A. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Compressive strength

Relaxation time

Shrinkage

Tabletting

Abstract

Introduction: Compressing materials during the tableting process is an appropriate solution to increase the bulk density of agricultural materials and thus reduce their transportation and storage costs. Other benefits of using compact tablets include reducing environmental contamination due to the absence of fine particles and dust, increasing the nutritional value per unit volume due to compression, and also facilitating the control of compacted nutrients to meet nutritional needs (Kaliyan and Morey 2010). In order to improve the quality of the tablet, it is necessary to know the optimum conditions and working points of the device, as well as to find the relationships between the effective factors and the final product for the researchers, so optimizing the food processing processes is one of the most important. One of the most important steps in increasing the efficiency of the food industry. Numerous analytical and numerical methods are available for this purpose. Nowadays, statistical methods are used for optimization such as Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Response level methodology is a set of statistical techniques used to optimize the processes in which the response is affected by a number of variables. The graphical representation of the mathematical model has defined the word surface methodically. With the help of this statistical design, the number of trials is reduced and all the coefficients of the quadratic regression model and the interactions of the factors can be estimated. In general, the models developed in response surface methodology are generally quadratic (Lee et al., 2007). Increasing the speed of operation and increasing accuracy in achieving the desired goal are some of the criteria that are considered as an optimization method for quality evaluation (Asefi et al., 2015; Wani et al., 2017). Finding the best pelletizing conditions for agro-materials is of particular importance in order to achieve the highest quality pellets including the lowest wrinkles and the highest Compressive strength. Therefore, it is necessary to find the optimum conditions for the variables of the tableting process such as moisture content, temperature of the feedstock, and mold size. Soy is used in the preparation of a variety of sauces, syrups, meat substitutes and ready-made foods (Dasilva et al., 2012). So far, no research has been done to optimize the pellet production from soy powder. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of independent variables of moisture content, die diameter, inlet temperature and stress Relaxation time on the mechanical and physical properties of soybean powder and tablet formulations in order to determin the optimum conditions for achieving the highest density and Compressive strength and the lowest amount of Shrinkage of the tablet. Material and methods: In this research, soybean powder was used for Tabletting experiments. Soybean dough prepared and used in a laboratory scale hydraulic press machine with a closed die to produce cylindrical tablets. When the hydraulic pressure reached 75 bar, the movement of the hydraulic jack was stopped, and the materials were kept in the closed die for the specified time (three levels of 5, 10 and 15 s) to reduce stress and prevent spring compression. At the end of the compressive relaxation process, the pressure of the jack was removed from the material and the tablet formed was removed from the bottom of the mold. The effect of the Tabletting process on particle density, Compressive strength and Shrinkage of soybean tablet was studied. The experiments were carried out using soybean powder at feedstock moisture content of 30, 40 and 50% w. b., feedstock temperature 25, 45 and 60 ° C, Relaxation time of 5, 10 and 15 s, and die diameter of 6, 8 and 10 mm. To measure the Compressive strength of the tablets made from soybean powder, the Hounsfield Model K-S H50, was used for Compressive strength testing. The test method was that a number of cylindrical compact tablets (in diameter) were positioned between the two fixed and removable flat jaws. The jaw was then moved downward at a constant velocity of 1 mm/s, compressing the cylindrical shape along the diameter until it was removed and fractured, and the amount of force and displacement in the memory of a data logger at a sampling rate of 1000 data points. Finally, the maximum recorded force for breaking the tablet was considered as Compressive strength. To measure the particle density of the tablets, a number of tablets were inserted into the graduated cylinders containing a volume of 50 ml (readable to 0. 5 ml) of toluene. The volume of each cylinder was measured and recorded according to the volume changes of the cylinder. To measure product Shrinkage, the height and diameter of a cylindrical compact tablet were measured in three different directions once before the drying process and once at the end of the drying process by a digital caliper. Then the average geometric diameter of the tablet was calculated from the related equation. The response surface method (RSM) with central composite design and six replications for central point was also used to analyze the data and optimize the process. Results and disscussion: The result showed that the highest particle density was 3714. 32 kg/mm 3 under conditions of the feedstock moisture content of 50% w. b., feedstock temperature of 25 ° C, Relaxation time of 5 s, and the die diameter of 10 mm. During the Tabletting prosses, the highest Compressive strength (518. 18 N) was obtained at the feedstock moisture content of 50% w. b., feedstock temperature of 65 ° C, Relaxation time of 5 s, and the die diameter of 6 mm. The highest Shrinkage of soybean powder (57%) was obtained at the feedstock moisture content of 50% w. b., feedstock temperature of 65 ° C, Relaxation time of 15 s, and the die diameter of 6 mm. The best optimization results for Tabletting conditions for soybean powder was under feedstock moisture content of 50% w. b., feedstock temperature of 42. 03 ° C, Relaxation time of 5 s and die diameter of 10 mm. The predicted values of particle density, Compressive strength and Shrinkage at the optimized conditions were 4895. 49 kg/mm 3, 433. 17 N and 9. 03% with a desirability of 0. 853, respectively. By increasing simultaneously, the temperature of the feedstock to the die from 30 to 45 ° C and decreasing the stress Relaxation time from 15 to 5 s, the desirability index increased. Stress Relaxation time had the most effect on this index. Conclusion: In this study, the effect of moisture content of raw materials, temperature of feedstock, die diameter and stress Relaxation time on particle density, Compressive strength and Shrinkage of soybean tablets were studied. Also, the optimum conditions of the tableting process were determined by using the response surface method to obtain the best physical and mechanical properties. Under optimum conditions of the tableting process, a particle density of 4895. 49 kg / mm 3, Compressive strength of 432. 31 N and Shrinkage of 9. 03% were obtained. These compact soy tablets can be used in all cases where powdered or dried soy is used.

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APA: Copy

GHORBANI, A., AMIRI CHAYJAN, R., & GHASEMI, A.. (2022). Optimization of compressed soybean tablet production using response surface methodology. JOURNAL OF FOOD RESEARCH (UNIVERSITY OF TABRIZ), 31(4 ), 1-17. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/954695/en

Vancouver: Copy

GHORBANI A., AMIRI CHAYJAN R., GHASEMI A.. Optimization of compressed soybean tablet production using response surface methodology. JOURNAL OF FOOD RESEARCH (UNIVERSITY OF TABRIZ)[Internet]. 2022;31(4 ):1-17. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/954695/en

IEEE: Copy

A. GHORBANI, R. AMIRI CHAYJAN, and A. GHASEMI, “Optimization of compressed soybean tablet production using response surface methodology,” JOURNAL OF FOOD RESEARCH (UNIVERSITY OF TABRIZ), vol. 31, no. 4 , pp. 1–17, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/954695/en

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Scientific Information Database

ISSN: 2588-4824

Journal Paper

Optimization of compressed soybean tablet production using response surface methodology