Effect of liquorice extract on rumen fermentation parameters: an in-vitro study

Q: How can I download an article?

To download an article from SID, first log in to the site, search for the article title, and click on the 'Download Article' option.

Q: How can I download an ISI article?

To download an ISI article on SID, enter the keyword or article title in the search bar, view the relevant results, click on the desired article, and select the 'Download Article' option.

Q: How can I access the SID database?

To access the SID database, visit SID.ir, create an account, and log in to access scientific resources.

Q: Is downloading articles from SID free?

Some articles on SID are available for free, while others require payment. Details are specified on the article's page.

Darat P.; FATAHNIA F.; Taasoli G.; Mirazei Alamouti H.R.; Khatibjou A.

Title

Effect of liquorice extract on rumen fermentation parameters: an in-vitro study

Author(s)

Keywords

Concentrate:Forage ratio

Fermentation kinetic

In vitro

Licorice extract

Abstract

Introduction: On the one hand, among many types of bioactivities, plants secondary metabolites have repetitively demonstrated antibacterial and antimicrobial activities. On the other hand, the growing concerns over resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and chemical residues in animal derived foods have attracted the attention of many towards utilization of natural antibacterial and antimicrobial compounds. Phytochemicals exhibit antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities against a wide range of pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms. The antimicrobial properties of phytochemicals as feed additives have been explored in livestock production system (Patra 2012). In the recent decade, plant-extracted antibacterial biomolecules have successfully substituted antibiotics, other chemotherapeutic agents, and chemical and growth promoting antibiotic feed additives in many research studies. Of many classes of phytochemicals, saponins have shown various types of bioactivities including antibacterial effects. These biomolecules have various mechanism of actions against bacteria. Saponins s could suppress the bacteriolytic activity of rumen ciliate protozoa thus enhancing the total microbial protein flow from the rumen. Moreover, saponins also have selective antibacterial effects which may prove useful in, for example, controlling starch digestion (Wallace et al 2002). Studies have investigated the beneficial effects of saponin rich licorice root extract on ruminal microbial population and rumen fermentation. It is of note that information on the effect of phytochemicals on ruminal microbial fermentation at low pH is scarce. The effects of plant extracts on ruminal microbial fermentation are pH-dependent. Most of the research have focused on the effects of phytochemicals on high-forage diets at pH over 6. 2. Microbial populations and ruminal fermentation conditions varies between the cattle fed high-concentrate and high-forage diets leading to different final intestinal pH conditions. Ideally, a natural feed additive with the capacity of replacing ionophores of the high concentrate diet in low-pH environment is required. Therefore, we hypothesized that saponin rich licorice root extract could exert some antimicrobial activities at low pH. Hence, the objective of this experiment was to study the effect of Licorice extract on in-vitro gas production parameters, pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia-N concentration as well as protozoa populations in diets containing different levels of concentrate to forage ratio. Material and methods: Dehydrated Licorice extract was obtained from Zagros Company (Kermanshah). Two experimental diets with different forage to concentrate ratio (40 to 60% or 60 to 40 %) were formulated. Licorice extract was added to diets at three levels of 1, 2 and 3 mg /liter of incubation media. The saponin content of Licorice extract was 134. 75 mg/g of dried Licorice extract. For in-vitro gas production, rumen fluid was taken from two rumen fistulated Kordish rams. For measuring gas production, 200 mg of experimental diets with four levels of Licorice extract (0, 1, 2 and 3 mg/L incubation medium) were incubated with 40 ml of buffered-rumen fluid for 120 hours. The cumulative produced gas was recorded at different times of incubation and gas production parameters were fitted with Blummel et al. equation (2003). Organic matter digestibility (OMD) was estimated after 24 hours of incubation (Menke and Steingass 1988). N-ammonia concentration was measured based on the method of Broderickand Kang et al. (1980). Rumen protozoa were identified according to the method of Dehority et al. (2003). After 24 h incubation, 5 ml of buffered rumen fluid was pipetted into a screw-capped test tube containing 5 ml of formalin. Thereafter, two drops of brilliant green dye (2 g brilliant green and 2 ml glacial acetic diluted to 100 ml with distilled water) were added to the test tube, mixed thoroughly, and allowed to stand overnight at room temperature. Total and differential counts of protozoa were made with five replications. In-vitro rumen concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was measured by gas chromatography (Ottenstein and Bartley 1971). All in-vitro gas production trials were carried out in three runs. Rumen fermentation parameters, protozoa population and OMD data were analyzed in a factorial arrangement based on a completely randomized design and gas production data was analyzed in a factorial arrangement based on a complete randomized block design using Proc GLM of SAS software. The differences among treatments were evaluated using Tukey adjustment when the overall F-test was P ≤ 0. 05. Trends were declared when 0. 05 < P ≤ 0. 10. Results and discussion: The results showed that the interaction of diets and Licorice extract were not significant on in-vitro gas production, rate of gas production, estimated OMD, ammonia-N concentration, pH, total protozoa population, Entodinium, Epidinium, Diplodinium, Eudiplodinium and Isotricha population and in-vitro ruminal concentrations of total VFA, acetate, propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate, valerate and isovalerate. The effect of diets on gas production (P≤ 0. 05) and estimated OMD (P<0. 01) was significant. High concentrate diets compared with low concentrate diets had greater gas production and estimated OMD. In disagreement with our findings, saponin decreased gas production in low concentrate diet (Yogianto et al 2014) and adding saponin to diet containing high level of concentrate increased gas production (Aazami et al 2013). Furthermore, high concentrate diet had lower OMD compared with the low concentrate diet (Yogianto et al 2014). Diets containing high concentrate had lower acetate and greater isovalerate concentrations (P<0. 01). Addition of Licorice extract reduced estimated OMD and total protozoa and Entodinium population (P<0. 01) and tended to increase total VFA concentration (P=0. 09) while decreasing the concentration of isovalrate (P=0. 06). Conclusion: Based on our results, it is concluded that Licorice extract had no effect on fermentation parameters of diets containing different concentrate: forage ratios. Further studies are necessary to determine the effectiveness of saponin-containing plants extracts on rumen microbial fermentation and digestion kinetics.

No record.

APA: Copy

Darat, P., FATAHNIA, F., Khatibjou, A., Taasoli, G., & Mirazei Alamouti, H.R.. (2021). Effect of liquorice extract on rumen fermentation parameters: an in-vitro study. ANIMAL SCIENCE RESEARCHES (FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, UNIVERSITY OF TABRIZ), 30(4 ), 27-39. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/957651/en

Vancouver: Copy

Darat P., FATAHNIA F., Khatibjou A., Taasoli G., Mirazei Alamouti H.R.. Effect of liquorice extract on rumen fermentation parameters: an in-vitro study. ANIMAL SCIENCE RESEARCHES (FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, UNIVERSITY OF TABRIZ)[Internet]. 2021;30(4 ):27-39. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/957651/en

IEEE: Copy

P. Darat, F. FATAHNIA, A. Khatibjou, G. Taasoli, and H.R. Mirazei Alamouti, “Effect of liquorice extract on rumen fermentation parameters: an in-vitro study,” ANIMAL SCIENCE RESEARCHES (FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, UNIVERSITY OF TABRIZ), vol. 30, no. 4 , pp. 27–39, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/957651/en

No record.

Scientific Information Database

ISSN: 2588-4824

Journal Paper

Effect of liquorice extract on rumen fermentation parameters: an in-vitro study