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Information Journal Paper

Title

Effect of probiotic and vitamin E+ selenium supplements on performance and some blood and ruminal parameters of Holstein calves

Pages

  77-96

Abstract

 Backgrounds and objective: The use of Growth promoters and the strengthening of the Immune system has been one of the concerns among the livestock nutritionists. At first, using antibiotics was the best solution; however, concerns about their effects on livestock products have prompted scientists to find suitable alternatives. Probiotics as natural products along with some vitamins were good choices. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of probiotics and vitamin E+selenium supplements on the Performance and some blood and ruminal parameters of Holstein calves. Material and Methods: Twenty-four Holstein male calves were randomly assigned to 4 treatments after weighing and postpartum procedures. The calves were transferred to individual cages and fed a sufficient amount of colostrum for the first 3 days. Treatments included: 1-basal diet (starter diet + milk), 2-basal diet with Bioguil probiotic (2 g), 3-basal diet with an injectable supplement of vitamin E+ selenium (0. 14 ml per kg live weight), and 4-basal diet with probiotic and vitamin E + selenium. Probiotics were administered daily and vitamin E+ selenium at birth and 14 days of age. The calves were fed milk twice a day. The calves were also fed with a starter formula from the beginning of the second week of the experiment. The calves were weighed at the beginning of the experiment as well as once every two weeks. Feed intake was calculated daily. Skeletal growth indices including body length, withers height, hip height, hip width, and heart girth were measured and recorded at the beginning and then on days 14, 28, 42, and 56 of the experiment. Blood sampling was done at 7, 21, 42, and 56 days old calves, four hours after morning feeding by venoject tubes via the jugular vein. Blood metabolites including glucose, albumin, total protein, beta hydroxyl butyric acid, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were measured. The rumen fluid was collected using an esophageal catheter on days 21, 42, and 60 to measure ammoniacal nitrogen and determine the fatty acids profile. The data analysis were carried out in SAS software using the MIXED procedure. Results: Probiotic and Vitamin E + selenium did not have any significant effect on the weight gain and feed intake of calves (P >0. 05). However, in calves receiving probiotic and probiotic combination with vitamin E + selenium, despite the lower initial weight, total and daily weight gain was numerically higher than control and those recipients of vitamin E + selenium. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the probiotic treatment showed a tendency to improve compared to the control (P = 0. 09). Except for total protein (P= 0. 002) and IgG (P=0. 0004), other blood parameters were not affected by treatments (P>0. 05). Probiotic, vitamin E+selenium and their combination reduced blood protein level compared to the control. In contrast, these treatments increased IgG level. Treatments had no effects on the concentration of volatile fatty acids (P>0. 05). However, the use of probiotics and vitamin E + selenium increased the amount of acetate and propionate numerically. The amount of ammonia nitrogen and pH were not affected by the treatments (P>0. 05). Conclusion: Probiotic treatment improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) and increased some skeletal growth indices in suckling calves. The use of probiotics, vitamin E + selenium, and their combination increased the absorption of IgG, which may lead to resistance of calves to infectious diseases such as diarrhea.

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    APA: Copy

    TEYMOURI, H., GHANBARI, F., Bayat kouhsar, J., & RAHCHAMANI, R.. (2021). Effect of probiotic and vitamin E+ selenium supplements on performance and some blood and ruminal parameters of Holstein calves. JOURNAL OF RUMINANT RESEARCH, 8(4 ), 77-96. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/958209/en

    Vancouver: Copy

    TEYMOURI H., GHANBARI F., Bayat kouhsar J., RAHCHAMANI R.. Effect of probiotic and vitamin E+ selenium supplements on performance and some blood and ruminal parameters of Holstein calves. JOURNAL OF RUMINANT RESEARCH[Internet]. 2021;8(4 ):77-96. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/958209/en

    IEEE: Copy

    H. TEYMOURI, F. GHANBARI, J. Bayat kouhsar, and R. RAHCHAMANI, “Effect of probiotic and vitamin E+ selenium supplements on performance and some blood and ruminal parameters of Holstein calves,” JOURNAL OF RUMINANT RESEARCH, vol. 8, no. 4 , pp. 77–96, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/958209/en

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