From ancient times, Since Marcopolos Journey, Tabriz has been famous because of its gardens. In early periods of Qajar dynasty, the late Prince Abbas Mirza ordered to built a garden at the Skirt of Sorkhab Mountain. This article tries to introduce the Qanats (Watering networks), fmite trees and garden/s establishments. During two centuries, this famous garden was divided into pieces and restricted and passed hand by hand. In the end various buildings with the purpose of residency and public administvative Centers were built in it.

A field trials were conducted to assess the helminth parasites of 12 marsh frogs (Rana ridibunda ridibunda) in the Anzali, Astara and Aghbaba regions in the north of Iran in May 1994. Experimental results showed that 83.8% of the Anzali marsh frogs were infected by one or two kinds of metacercarian cysts of digenetic trematodes. The helminth parasites were included Skrjabinoeces breviansa, S. smilis, Gorgodera dollfusi, Opisthioglyphe ranae, Prosotocus confusus, Encyclometra colubrimurorum and Codonocephalus urniger. Frogs collected from the Astara region was infected by the helminth parasites such as Diplodiscus subclavatus, P. confusus, C. urniger and Cosmocerca ornata. There were only one digenetic trematodes cysts such as Pleurogenoides medians in the Aghbaba region. In this paper, except the S. smilis, C. urniger and O. ranae we report 7 new helminth parasites in the north Iranian freshwater system for the first time.

A part of the Nakhlak area (NE. Nain, Central Iran) to the west of central Iran desert was studied. The Triassic rocks of the Nakhlak area with a thickness of 2701 meters are divided into 3 Formations: Alam Formation, Baqoroq Formation and Ashin Formation. Outcrops of these rocks are bounded by two thrust faults.The Alam Formation (1298 m.) with Late Scythian- MiddleAnisian age consists of carbonate facies at the base and turbiditic calstic facies (dominantly sandstone and shale) at the top. Carbonate facies rocks were derived from the continental shelf and the clastic facies rocks were dominantly derived from the continental slope as submarine fanlomerates. The Alam Formation was thrusted over the ophiolitic rocks of the Nakhlak arp.a and was covered by Baqoroq Formation with a disconform contact.The Baqoroq Formation (1122m) with Late Anisian? - Middle Ladinian age dominantly consists of conglomerate, sandstone and shale.These facies were derived from a continental environment and deposited as alluvialfans, by meandering and braided rivers. The Baqoroq Formation (281 m.) with Late Ladinian-Early Carnian? age consists of clastic facies (dominantly sandstone and shale) deposited at the end of continental slope to abyssal plain, as submarine fanglomerates (distal part). The Upper Cretaceous rocks of Nakhlak area were thrusted over to the Ashin Formation.From lithological and paleontological point of view, the Triassic rocks of Nakhlak area are not correlative to other Triassic rocks of Iran.The only correlative rock units similar to the Triassic rocks of Nakhlak area are Aghdarband Group of northeastern Iran. The present study has shown that these rocks were adjacent to each other as well as being in the same sedimentary basin at the time the southern active margin of Turanian continental block existed.

In order to quantitatively assess desertification in Aghqalla and Gomishan plain and to present a regional model, a study was carried out in an area of 1720 Sq. Kms. In this study, after reviewing the existing methods, information collection and determining the study units (based on geomorphological facies) a model was suggested and evaluated. In this model three aspects of desertification namely current status, potential and total hazard were quantitatively studied. The study units were then mapped into 5 classes. In current status, desertification processes including water logging, salinization, degradation of plant resources as well as soil erosion were taken into consideration, and in potential hazard, desertification factors including climate and geomorphology (natural factors) and excessive exploitation together with improper structures (anthropogenic factors) were studied. Finally, through a combination of these two aspects, total hazard was determined.