Background and Aim: Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. This disease imposes a high socio-economic burden on patients. Since the Spatio-temporal analysis of diseases plays an essential role in the design of prevention and management programs. The present study aimed to identify regional clusters of MI and also analyze the time trend of the disease among an Iranian military community. Methods: In this ecological study, all registered cases of MI from different provincial centers of the military community were studied during the period 2015 to 2018. The Getis-Ord Gi statistics were used to identify the hot spots of MI and the Spearman correlation coefficient to the trend of the disease. Results: The incident cases of MI in military officers and conscripts during the study period were 103 and 4, respectively. Gilan and Golestan provinces (90% confidence level) in 2015, Gilan, Golestan, Semnan, and Zanjan provinces (95% CI) and Isfahan province (90% CI) in 2016, Golestan province (95% CI), and Gilan province (90% CI) in 1396 and Golestan province (95% CI) in 1397 were identified as hot spots of the disease. The results of the temporal analysis also indicated a significant increasing trend of MI in military officers. Conclusion: The Northern regions of Iran are at high risk of MI, and the trend of the disease also demonstrates a significant increase. The findings of this study can be considered in policymaking in the field of public health of military communities for control strategies and preventive programs. In future studies, the risk factors and nonecological parameters should be addressed in hotspot regions.

Introduction: Human life and the historical course of civilization have always been subjected to concepts such as justice and equality. Although the concept of justice is more than fair distribution and is considered a kind of social value, due to its content, there is no universal definition of justice, and it takes on different meanings depending on the social and geographical conditions. However, spatial justice theories emphasize its spatiality. Today, with the rapid growth of urbanism and excessive attention on the planning process, spatial inequalities derived from social and economic inequalities lead to the collapse of the balance of urban systems, the lack of content of urban planning measures, and unbalanced and unequal access to the district. Therefore, since the spatial organization in cities is influenced by the economic, social, political and cultural functions of the society, if these structures are formed based on justice, we will witness its impact in urban spaces, and its consequences can be spatial justice, and He pointed out equality in the distribution of services and resources in cities. In fact, spatial justice is the fair distribution of socially valuable resources such as power, environmental goods, and social services throughout space. In the public sphere, social claims can be negotiated and discussed, allowing multiple voices to be heard in the city. According to Michel Foucault, what sustains power and makes it acceptable is the fact that this power is productive, induces pleasure, shapes knowledge, and produces discourse. So it should be considered productive. A network that passes through the entire social body. With these words, the concept of a justice city can be studied in terms of its relationship with the two concepts of knowledge (truth) and power (Expediency), and by expanding Foucault's knowledge-power theory, it discussed whether the justice-centered city is based on Is communication action and Foucault's theory possible to be realized in the real world that has conflicting interests and complex power relations? The current research tries to find the theoretical foundations of justice and its roots in line with the concepts of spatial justice and the justice-centered city, emphasizing Foucault's theory of knowledge and power, to investigate the relationship between these two concepts in the urban space. Methodology:  This research is an applied-developmental research. The general strategy of this research is a combined strategy that uses a different and separate research strategy for each topic of the research. Thus, in the theoretical part of the research, using the qualitative approach and based on the library method, the concepts of the justice-centered city and its spatial and physical components are explained, and then by referring to Foucault's works in knowledge-power theory and others. Thinkers in power, the place of this theory in urban planning have been studied and finally, the theoretical framework and conceptual model of the research based on the relationship between the two sides of spatial justice and knowledge-power in urban planning has been presented. Also, the special strategy will be narrative and analysis, and the type of theory in this research is content-proof. The indicators obtained in this research are based on the theoretical framework including spatial knowledge, guidance and control, and participation, as well as the statistical population including the citizens of Rasht city, which was randomly sampled from the statistical population of citizens. Cochran's formula and Morgan's table were used to determine the sample size, and the sample size was equal to 384 people. The statistical results are presented in two topics, descriptive findings and inferential findings. In the descriptive topic, the main variables were explained and interpreted using frequency statistics, mean, standard deviation, and frequency percentage, and in the inferential topic, the research model was investigated using the structural equation modeling technique. The average of the factors was evaluated with one-sample T-test, the ranking of factors was done with Friedman's ranking test, the comparison of districts in terms of spatial-physical components of the city of justice was done with the one-way analysis of variance test, and the comparison of the existing and desired situation with A one-sample T-test was performed. Data analysis was done with Smart PLS version 3 and SPSS version 27 software. The maximum error level of Crombach's alpha for hypothesis testing was considered being 0.05 (p<0.05).Results: The results show that because of the content of justice, there is no universal definition of it, and the concept of justice takes on different meanings depending on the social and geographical conditions. However, researchers emphasize that the material and non-material benefits of public policy should be distributed fairly. This point shows that planning is the product of power and politics. Urban planning, especially land use planning, is no exception to this. In fact, it is accepted by the public that citizens do not have much control over the forces that form the environment, and the changers, decision makers, creators and organizers of the environment are not citizens, but a group that changes the environment and makes decisions about it in the shadow and vaguely. The consequences of this trend lead to the privatization of urban spaces and injustice in the spatial organization of cities. Therefore, justice-oriented urban planning is a critical discourse against power inequality (poverty, corruption and discrimination) in urban spaces and a political effort against the privatization of public spaces for the benefit of capital.Discussion: The present research states that for the principled movement of planning, it is necessary to identify the role of effective powers and forces in the society. In fact, justice-oriented cities improve the quality of life in cities by providing an empowering framework for urban actors. Therefore, understanding the dominant power structure and creating a control and monitoring system using technical knowledge and popular participation can lead to achieving a justice-oriented city based on the knowledge-power theory. The quality of life and the distribution of opportunities are two prominent axes of spatial and physical justice, which crystallizes in the majority of distributive justice and structural justice in the city. Also, Foucault's analysis of the space of the modern era emphasizes how specific spaces are produced, designed, constructed, controlled and regulated by disciplinary discourses and power-knowledge technologies. In the knowledge-power theory, Michel Foucault considers space to be the producer of power relations, which shows its influence in different ways, and believes that power flows in space and no space can exist without power flows. Therefore, planning is a mechanism that connects with the urban space through physical-spatial justice.Conclusion: The findings obtained from the analysis show that almost all the components and indicators of the city of justice are lower than the average in all districts of the city of Rasht. However, spatial knowledge or technical rationality to some extent has obtaineda higher average in the city level than the other two components, guidance- control and participation. However, district 2, which forms the central fabric of the city, has the highest level of spatial knowledge component, which means the highest level of balance, diversity and spatial capability, the highest level of guidance and control, which means the highest level of visibility and regulation, and the highest level of participation, which means the highest level of monitoring and networking. And district 4, which often has an unplanned texture, has the lowest amount of these indicators. Finally, it can be concluded that by identifying the components of physical-spatial justice based on the theory of knowledge of power and the relationship between them, planning can be done through spatial knowledge (technical rationality) and by creating balance, diversity and capabilities. Spatially and by moving towards more complete forms of decision-making to reduce the intensity of injustice. Therefore, planning can be done by producing a disciplinary space toward guidance and control (discipline) and in line with the purposeful regulation of life by using concepts such as visibility and regulation in disciplinary spaces such as cities, streets, public uses, etc., To act toward social equality and influence the power of activists. Also, through participation (influence on choices) and considering the role of networks as relationships between forces and communication links, as well as the politics of difference and resistance, and the participation of weaker groups in decision-making, as well as the participation of disciplinary institutions from such as local governments, social representatives, local participants, etc., to play a positive role in liberation and standing. Finally, it can be said that understanding the dominant power structure and creating a control and monitoring system using technical knowledge and people's participation can lead to achieving a justice-oriented city based on the knowledge-power theory.

IntroductionAvailable water holding capacity (AWHC) is a key property for quantifying the amount of water available to plants. This c property determines the amount of water required for the crop and the irrigation time interval and is related to the inherent productivity of the soil. Determining the homogeneous zones of available water-holding capacity management is a possible way to evaluate the contribution of the soil in the optimal input of irrigation water in paddy fields. Because with its help, it is possible to manage the appropriate time of drying and wetting of paddy fields in intermittent irrigation. The rice fields of Guilan province, located in the north of Iran, with an area of about 238,000 hectares, are one of the most important rice cultivation areas because more than 30% of the country's rice is produced in this area. Irrigation in this area is done in the form of uniform flooding for easier transfer of rice seedlings, better water retention and weed control. In recent years, due to drought, population growth and increasing urban and industrial demand for water and inefficient management of flood irrigation, an attempt has been made to manage irrigation in the form of intermittent irrigation. Therefore, determining the homogeneous zones of water storage capacity management is a possible way to evaluate the contribution of soil in the optimal input of irrigation water in paddy fields. Because with its help, it is possible to manage the appropriate time of drying and wetting of paddy fields in intermittent irrigation. Water resource management is a priority to reduce productivity instability and negative socio-economic effects. For this purpose, homogeneous water storage capacity management zones were determined in Kouchesfahan region to investigate the physical-hydraulic conditions of paddy soils, dividing the entire region into zones with the same potential for water storage capacity and investigating its relationship with rice yield. MethodologyA total of 131 undisturbed and undisturbed soil samples with uniform geographic distribution were prepared from the rice root growth area and some chemical, fertility and physical-hydraulic properties were measured. Rice yield was also measured in most of the soil sampling points. Then, among 14 characteristics, seven characteristics (clay, organic carbon, linear expansion coefficient, saturated hydraulic conductivity, average particle diameter, accessible water and integral energy) that can affect the water holding capacity in the soil were selected. The number of homogeneous zones of water storage capacity was determined using two statistics, fuzzy efficiency index and modified classification entropy index. Then, by using the concepts related to algebraic maps, the integration of information layers was done in the GIS environment and the relevant maps were prepared.Result and discussionThe results of the fuzzy efficiency index and the entropy index showed that the investigated area can be divided into four water storage capacity areas. The lowest and highest value of the average yield was seen in the first and fourth zones, respectively. A significant difference was seen between available water, organic carbon, COLE, integral energy and Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity (Ks) in four management zones, but no significant difference was seen in the amount of clay and the mean diameter of the pores. In the first zone, organic carbon, Coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE), Mean of Soil Pore Size Distribution (dmean) and Ks showed the lowest values, but in the fourth zone, all these properties have the opposite behavior. These results were showed that the available water-holding capacity ty increases from zone one to zone four. Therefore, zones one and two will be particularly sensitive during drought and lack of moisture during the growing season, and the management of these zones needs special attention. In these zones, the irrigation cycle (irrigation time interval) should be shorter than the other two areas, in order to avoid the occurrence of drought stress. The soils of the studied area were uneven in terms of water retention. These results showed that the uniform (fixed) management of water consumption, in addition to increasing costs, can also lead to the waste of a large amount of water. In this situation, location-specific irrigation management can be more efficient in sustainable economic production.The comparison of the estimation map of homogeneous zones shows the water storage capacity and yield, in some zones, although the soil conditions are suitable in terms of moisture conditions, the yield is not in optimal conditions. It seems that until the state of fertility is not favorable, physical conditions cannot show their effects in performance well. In other words, until the lack of fertility is not resolved, restrictions or suitable physical conditions will not have clear effects on performance.

Twelve populations of Bromus tomentellus collected from different parts of Iran were surveyed for karyotypic characteristics. The data were analysed using a factorial model of analysis of variance. After a confident result of differences between populations for the characters, complementary analysis was performed on the data. The populations were classified for the karyotypic characteristics and correlations between all combinations of the populations were estimated based on the total chromosome length and long arms of the chromosomes. Using principle components analysis the most variable karyotypic characters were identified. The principle components which contained the most amounts of existing variation of the data were also recognized. The two main components were used to produce a scatter plot of the populations. Cluster analysis was used to classify the populations based on the chromosomes total length and all of the measured characters. Regarding the karyotypic characteristics the least and the most similar populations were identified. Several statistics were estimated for assessment of asymmetry of the karyotypes. Regarding the results of the analysis of variance, the populations, chromosomes and their interactions were significantly different for most of the studied characters. The populations were highly correlated based on the total length of the chromosomes and LIS ratio but some weak correlations were also observed between some combinations of the populations. In principle components analysis, total length of the chromosomes and long arm length had the most influence on the first component, which in turn contained more than 90% of the existing variation in the data.Cluster analysis on both of the total length of chromosomes and all of the recorded attributes produced a similar grouping. The most distant populations based on their karyotypes, which may produce infertile progenies in breeding programs were also identified.

The recognition of postural anomalies in heavy tasks such as MMH (manual material handling) plays an important role in prevention and reduction of treatment costs. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of postural anomalies in lifting load workers of Behshahr industrial factory in 1995.This descriptive study was achieved on all 37 lifting load workers in the factory. To study the postural anomalies, the workers were requested to stand behind the posture screen. Then their body postures were evaluated by the use of New York test/posture score sheet and photographs from back and latheral view in 3 levels of good, fair and poor. In the back view, head, shoulders, spinal column and pelvic positions were studied and in latheral view, Neck, back, lumbar and abdomen were examined. The obtained data were presented by employing descriptive statistics. The mean ± SD age of workers was 27.7±4.2 and its range was 20-30 years. The results from the back view indicated that the outbreak rates of affected workers from poor shoulders tilt, pelvic tilt, head latheral tilt and scoliosis were 27%, 32.4%, 18.9% and 24.3%, respectively. The prevalence rates of workers with normal postures relating to head, shoulders, vertebral column and buttock were 21.7%. 8.2%. 35.2% and 24.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, in the latheral view in poor level, 83.7% of workers affected from lordosis, 45.9% from kyphosis, 40.5% from abdomen fall and 35.1% from forward head.Regarding the high prevalence's of these disorders, it is proposed further researches to be conducted to study the causes and the ways of preventing them.

Purpose: To evaluate the soft tissue complications, management and improvement of hydroxyapatite implantation.Materials and methods: In this prospective interventional case series study, 40 patients suffering from complications of hydroxyapatite implantation were evaluated during one year (1998-99).The patients were categorized in four groups according to the complications and then appropriate management was performed. The four groups include patients with: (1) discharge, (2) tenon hypertrophy, (3) hydroxyapatite exposure and (4) hydroxyapatite exposure with discharge. The patients were evaluated until complete cure or diagnosed as non-responsive state. Results: The most common cause of anophthalmic socket was eye trauma, most of the patients underwent enucleation. The most common complication was hydroxyapatite exposure with dis-charge. There was evidence of infection (culture positive discharge) in 70% of the patients. The most frequent organism was staphylococcus aureus. The highest rate of improvement (100%) was seen in the patients with tenon hypertrophy and the least rate (56.2%) in the patientrs with hydroxyapatite exposure (77.5%), and no improvement in 9 cases (22.5%). Conclusion: Early appropriate diagnosis and treatment of the complications of hydroxyapatite implantation will decreases removing of the implant. Despite the complications, hydroxyapatite implantation is still one of the most effective, useful, and common operations in anophthalmic sockets.