Background: Nowadays we are facing significant advances in technology. Virtual reality, which is considered as one of these novel technologies, has been entered into many different areas of our lives, from video games to various industrial uses as well as education, travel, healthcare, entertainment and research. Despite the benefits of virtual reality, the attitudes of patients toward using it are still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design a questionnaire to assess accepting virtual reality technology among patients with mental disorders. Methods: This design and evaluation of tools study was conducted in two phases including design of the questionnaire and evaluating its validity and reliability in 1400. In this study, CVR and CVI coefficients were used to evaluate the content validity and its external reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha method. Results: In the current study, the content validity index was calculated to be 0. 8, which is an acceptable value for this questionnaire. Also, Cronbach's alpha was calculated to be 0. 7 and the correlation between the questions shown to be acceptable at a significant level of 0. 0001 Conclusions: According to the results, it was found that the questionnaire has high validity and reliability to assess the acceptance of virtual reality technology among patients with mental disorders.

The present investigation concerns evaluation, comparison and analysis of search options existing within web-based meta-search engines. 64 meta-search engines were identified. 19 meta-search engines that were free, accessible and compatible with the objectives of the present study were selected. An author’s constructed check list was used for data collection. Findings indicated that all meta-search engines studied used the AND operator, phrase search, number of results displayed setting, previous search query storage and help tutorials. Nevertheless, none of them demonstrated any search options for hypertext searching and displaying the size of the pages searched. 94.7% support features such as truncation, keywords in title and URL search and text summary display. The checklist used in the study could serve as a model for investigating search options in search engines, digital libraries and other internet search tools.

Background: Effective disaster response is a crucial factor in reducing casualty rate in the affected areas by earthquake. This study aims to compare training methodology for international USAR teams in Iran and United Nations.Method: In this comparative-descriptive study, data was collected from national and international instructions, rules and regulations series and databases. Operational level, team roles and team structures were compared in national and international teams. The main focus of the study was on the contents of the training programs and methodology.Findings: According to the results, national training methodology is mainly defined based on the role of job description. Operational levels and teams’ classifications are not determined in national teams. Also, team structure does not comprise all five components required by INSARAG guidelines. In addition, the number of staff and professional categories are different from INSARAG guidelines. Team roles are not clearly defined.Conclusion: The results are as follows: Operational level and area of response can be better classified based on the structures. However, the existing independent teams carried out the duties of the four USAR teams (from light to international level).Training methodology and components need improvement. To organize the teams of management, medical emergency, administrative support and support in relief and rescue operations are independent of search and rescue team. Thus, capacity building may be improved by training first responders in rural communities and teams training based on international standards depending on the type of urban construct in urban areas respectively.

The online public access catalog is an information retrieval system characterized by short bibliographic record, mainly books, journals and audio-visual materials available in a particular library. This paper discussed about some challenges in OPAC such as catalog maintenance and catalog governance, subject searching as raises new issues of the catalog.