Thalassemia is a well known disease that is caused by a defect in the synthesis of one or more polypeptide chanis in the haemoglobin molecule. There is a intensive need for fresh blood in major thalassemia due to ineffective haemopoiesis. Therefore they need to receive fresh blood at every 15-30 days. This work in multitransfusioner patients make them at high risk by transfusion associated diseases such as RBV, RW, RCV, CMV, etc.In this study 45 patients with Major Thalassemia were tested for RBV, RCV and RW infection in central Province of Iran. For this purpose we studied the HBs-Ag, RBs-Ab, RBc-Ab, RCV-Ab and RW-Ab in serum samples of patients by ELISA and cofirmed positive samples with western blot technic. We found 7.2% RBV infection in patients group and 4.3% in control group (45 healthy persons).RCV intection in patients group 9% but nil in control group. There were no signs of RW infection. In conclusion) there must be programs to stop the prevalence of this disease by rising the knowledge and information of people about Thalassemia. In this study unfortunately 72% of parents of patients had not any education and they could not read or write easily.Familial marriage in an other topic for discussion in this study. 46% of parents of patients has familial marriage.

Inheritance means the property of a decedent left for his/her living relatives or next of kin. According to the religious view on family relationship, the decedent"s heir(s) fall under 3 categories: 1. Parents, children, later grandchildren by priority. 2. Siblings, ancestor, later nieces, or nephews and the grand ancestors of the decedent by priority. 3. Paternal uncles, paternal aunts, maternal uncles, later their children. As to the heirs related by marriage, the husband or wife are deemed as heirs (who are alike the rest of the heirs). Finally, the property of a decedent who lacks any heirs will reach down to the impeccable Imam or his deputy, is equally an important issue. The mathematical formulas can be deployed to facilitate the distribution of the inheritance among the heirs.

The refractive error is the commonest cause of defective vision. The purpose of this study was to evaluate refractive errors among 500 boys between 18 to 20 years old in Nikookari hospital in 1997.Incidence of refractive errors, were 82.4% for myopia, and 17.8% for hyperopia. In our study, myopia was the most common cause of refractive error and high incidence of myopia increased with visual near work such as education and carpet maker. Most of the myopia had a familial tendency.The most important factor in myopia correction was spectacle lense and prevent amblyopia in anisometropic patients.

Thalassemias are autosomal recessive disorders. Relatively high incidence is observed in people of Asian, Indian, Mediterranean, middle eastern and far eastern origin. About 2-4 percent of the Iranian population is also assumed to be affected by thalassemic diseases. Despite this the epidemiological studies in Iran are limited and there are no well documented reports regarding the prevalence of this disease in kermanshah province .After a preliminary screening of available data from persons referred for electrophoresis of Hemoglobin to Kermanshah central laboratorj , we considered that the relatively high prevalence of thalassemia may be present in some discrete area of Kermanshah province, such as in Jlow village. Therefore the prevalence determination of thalassemia trait in Jlow village was chosen as the objective or this study. The village had a total number of 226 residents from which 219 persons took part in this survey. Based on the analysis of the results of complete blood count (CBC) and Hb-electrophoresis the overall prevalence of all forms of hemoglobinopathies and thalassemia were 14.48% and 13.12%, respectively. Heterozygotic beta-thalassemia was detected in 27(12.33%) cases. Thalassemia major was found in 2(0.09%) individuals .Three persons having microcytosis and HbA2 levels between 3% to 3.5% was suspected as minimal talasserma. in conclusion, the Jlow village is identified as a thalassemia - hyperendemic area on a worldwide and country scale and it is recommended to do more complete studies in the molecular level.