Purpose: Plagiarism is copying words, texts, images, and the like, and using the thoughts of others as one's own. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent of various factors on the tendency to plagiarism among Ph.D. students of Bu-Ali University. Method: The method of the present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this study consists of all Ph.D. students of Bu-Ali University. The total number of students at Bu-Ali University is equal to 832 students, which according to Cochran's formula, the sample size was equal to 263 people. Five questionnaires were used to collect data. The reliability of these questionnaires through Cronbach's alpha was equal to 0.948, 0.955, 0.968, 986, and 0.975 respectively. In order to test research hypotheses, structural equation modeling in Warp PLS7 software was used. Findings: The results of data analysis showed that the variables of perception of plagiarism, attitude to plagiarism and personal harassment have a negative and significant effect on the rate of plagiarism of students. Also, the variable of academic jurisprudence has a positive and significant effect on the rate of plagiarism of students.Conclusion: It seems that students' knowledge, understanding and awareness of plagiarism and its examples, policies and legal punishment in this field are at a low level. That the officials and administrators of the universities take the necessary measures in order to make the students more aware and familiar with the consequences of this work.

One of the issues faced by the Qajar government in the second half of the 13th/19th century was the mass migration of the people. The migration took place from 1266 AH/1850 AD and to a relatively larger extent, from 1286 AH/1870 AD, from different provinces of Iran to other lands, especially the Southern Caucasus. Consequently, several thousand people left their homeland every year to work. As soon as they arrived in these areas, the migrants were employed in the worst conditions in factories, oil industries, villages, farms, docks, etc. in the worst conditions. In this article, an attempt has been made to use a descriptive-analytical approach based on collecting data from archival sources and adopting the theoretical framework of attraction and repulsion models based on the opinions of thinkers such as Ravenstein, Thomas, and Everett S. Lee, to explain the causes of the Iranian labor force migrates to the Caucasus. This research proposes that the economic, political, and social factors as push and pull factors in the origin and destination created a sort of imbalance that caused the migration of Iranian labor to the Caucasus and this process continued over the years.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the “resilience assessment questionnaire” in patients with multiple sclerosis. Materials & Methods The statistical population of the present study included all multiple sclerosis patients living in Tehran City in 2022. Of them, 250 people were selected through available sampling. The participants completed the questionnaires of Gromis et al. resilience and the hospital anxiety and depression scales. The validity of the questionnaire was investigated using the formal, content, construct, and predictor methods. Also, the reliability of the test was checked through the Cronbach α method and retesting. Data analysis was done using SPSS software, version 26. Results The face validity was confirmed by checking the content and solving the appearance problems. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed after correcting the questions. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the resilience questionnaire includes 5 components: Emotional and cognitive strategies, physical activity and diet, family and friends support, peer support, and spirituality. Also, the Cronbach α values of these components were 0. 88, 0. 79, 0. 62, 0. 76, 0. 50, and 0. 89, respectively. The eigenvalues of these components explained 47. 49% of the variance. There was a significant relationship between the resilience and anxiety/depression questionnaire components. The correlation value between the first and second stages confirmed the retest validity of the resilience questionnaire. Conclusion The Persian version of the “multiple sclerosis resilience” scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing resilience features in Iranian MS patients, which can be used in policymaking and research studies.

The audit report is the product of audit work and the chain of communication between auditors and users. If the auditor's report is not able to present the audit results, in fact the audit objectives have not been achieved and therefore the audit will lack any added economic value. Therefore, investors need reliable information in order to make optimal economic decisions. If audit reports have informational content, they can influence the behavior of investors, especially potential and actual investors, and cause market reaction. The purpose of this research is to explain the pattern of audit reports on investor behavior with an emphasis on behavioral biases. This study was conducted on 220 experts and investment managers and ordinary investors and auditors who were randomly selected in 1401. To analyze the data and test the research hypotheses, the structural equation model was used with the help of Smart-PLS software.The results of the research hypotheses test show that the type of audit report has a significant effect on rational behavior. Cognitive bias has a mediating/moderating role in influencing the type of audit report on intuitive decision-making and reactive behavior. The reliability control variable has a significant effect on mass behavior, intuitive decision-making and reactive behavior.

Annual incidence of diarrhea is 1.3 milliard and mortality rate .is 3:4 million in children under five years in the world. In Iran one-fourth of mortality in these years is related to diarrhea. 0 RS changed the prognosis and mortality can be reduced to one -third with correct and general use. In Iran the use of ORS are low and west Azarbayjan among the Other Iranian provinces is placed in second rank regarding the lake of 0 RS consumption. A cross sectional study conducted to evaluate the knowledge of mothers with children under six years old in three village of Urmia. The following data are gathered by questionnaire: Mothers' knowledge about package, correct form of providing, corret time and keeping of ORS regarding age, level of literacy, numbers of children, village of study and information source. The results showed in tables and indicated that the awareness was in low level in comparison with other studies, especially in mothers over 45 years old and who had more than 5 children. There is no significant difference between literature and illiterate individuals in spite of village of settlement (0.002). Health workers were most source of information. It is offered to promote awareness of mothers the programs must be designed and implented according to the result of study.

Introduction and aim: Divorce is a social phenomenon with multiple adverse effects on family members. This study was done to compare anxiety, and aggression behaviors among teenagers of no divorced and divorced families.Methods: A case-control study from 12 to 18 years age students in Birjand, 80 from divorced, cases, and 80 from no divorce families, controls, selected with simple selection method. Both groups were matched regarding employment and education of parents, age and sex of teenagers, and their areas of living. None of the parents of both groups were died and neither of the students had history of admission to caring home for children. The data was collected by a questionnaire, self-rating questionnaires: [symptom clinical list 90 (SCL 90)] and an observation checklist. Analysis was done by SCL 90 and independent test.Results: Results indicate that aggression and anexity were 12.55±5.67 and 10.1±5.8 in teenager with divorced and 7.35±6 and 7.32±66 in teenager without divorced parents respectively (p<0.001). Anxiety among females and aggression among males of divorced families were more prevalent.Conclusion: The results of this study suggests that divorce is a stressful life event, especially for children and teenagers. The difference between boy and girl may be due to temperament.