In this study, MXene nanosheets were utilized as a co-catalyst to modify the graphitic carbon nitride photocatalyst and synthesize the g-C3N4/MXene composite. Eosin Y dye was employed as a model organic pollutant to evaluate the photocatalytic degradation performance. Eosin Y, an anionic dye, poses significant environmental and health risks due to its resistance to biodegradation, as well as its toxicity and carcinogenicity. To synthesize this composite, graphitic carbon nitride was initially produced using a simple thermal polymerization method. Subsequently, it was protonated and assembled with MXene nanosheets through a self-assembly process. The MXene nanosheets were synthesized using a Mild method. Characterization and confirmation of the successful synthesis of the g-C3N4/MXene composite were conducted through X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. The results of the Eosin Y degradation experiments indicated that the composite with a 7% weight ratio of MXene nanosheets exhibited the highest photocatalytic performance among the various weight ratios tested. The incorporation of MXene nanosheets more than doubled the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of graphitic carbon nitride. The MCN7 sample was able to remove 98% of 25 mg/L Eosin Y dye from an aqueous solution within 120 minutes, using a photocatalyst dosage of 0.4 g/L. The findings of this study demonstrate that the integration of MXene nanosheets with graphitic carbon nitride significantly enhances the photocatalytic performance of graphitic carbon nitride in the degradation of organic pollutants.

Background: Oral cancer remains one of the most dreadful diseases in developing nations. Currently, there has been a rise in the prevalence of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), with a poor prognosis. The use of standard treatment approaches against oral cancer patients brings about several side effects. In recent years, nanomedicine has provided a versatile platform for developing new targeted therapeutic modalities. However, safety remains a concern in the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs). Therefore, the present study aims to synthesize safer phytoconstituent‑mediated gold NPs (AuNPs) utilizing leaf extracts of Annona muricata, where the biochemical components of the plant leaf act as the reducing and capping agents in the synthesis of NPs, and to evaluate its anti‑cancer activity against SCC. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, AuNPs were synthesized through an effective, simple, and ecologically sound green synthesis method. After characterization of these synthesized AuNPs, in vitro assays such as 3‑(4, 5‑dimethylthiazole2‑yl)‑2, 5‑biphenyl tetrazolium bromide, wound healing, and clonogenic assays were carried out to investigate the anti‑cancer potential of green synthesized AuNPs in the human tongue SCC cell line (SCC‑15), and the possible mechanism of action was evaluated through gene and protein expression analysis of Bax, Bcl‑2, and p53 genes. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20. 0 software and Student’s t‑test was performed for experimental data. P ≤0. 05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The in vitro assays demonstrated that the synthesized AuNPs are exhibiting anti‑cancer activity by apoptosis of SCC‑15 cells in a dose‑dependent manner. Further, it also revealed a highly significant decrease in anti‑apoptotic Bcl‑2 gene expression, whereas pro‑apoptotic genes p53 and Bax revealed a highly significant increase, which is statistically significant compared to the control (P < 0. 05). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that the AuNPs synthesized from A. muricata leaf extract could act as a novel anticancer agent, particularly against SCC, after further scrutiny

Background: Vitiligo is a prevalent autoimmune pigmentary skin disorder, with 0.5 - 2% of the global population prevalence. Human follicular T helper cells, dendritic follicular cells, and mesenchymal lymphoid tissue organizer cells all generate the B-cell chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 (CXCL13). Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 and its receptor CXCR5 have been linked to the etiopathogenesis of various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases in the latest studies. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the serum CXCL13 level in vitiligo patients and its relation to the activity and severity of the disease. Methods: This case-control study involved 21 vitiligo patients and 21 age and gender-matched healthy controls. Full history taking, clinical evaluation, and assessment of the disease activity and severity were performed for all the patients. The CXCL13 serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The serum CXCL13 levels were significantly higher in vitiligo patients than in healthy controls (227.35 ± 125.70 and 130.58 ± 26.52 ng/L, respectively; P = 0.002). There was a significant relationship between CXCL13 and the clinical pattern of activity among patients with vitiligo; however, there was no correlation with disease activity or severity index scores. Conclusions: Although CXCL13 was greater in vitiligo patients than in healthy controls, it was unrelated to the activity or severity of the illness. This finding suggests that CXCL13 might have a role in the immunological pathogenesis of vitiligo.

In this research, the variables of oat flour (5, 10 and 15%) and date liquid sugar from Kaluteh dates (10, 20 and 30%) were used instead of wheat flour and sugar respectively to reduce energy intake. Cookie properties including technological indicators, crust color components and sensory characteristics were investigated. The linear effect of oat flour significantly affected moisture and porosity (p<0.0001), while the quadratic effect of date liquid sugar only affected specific volume (p<0.05). The interaction effect showed moisture and texture first increased then decreased with higher levels of both variables, while specific volume and porosity showed the opposite trend. The linear effect of oat flour decreased L* and increased a* and b* color components, while the quadratic effect of date liquid sugar increased a* and b*. The interaction effect significantly increased taste and overall acceptance in sensory evaluation. The optimal formulations were determined as 7.29% oat flour and 28.710% date liquid sugar.

Serum levels of vitamin D (VD) are inversely correlated with the incidence or severity of COVID-19. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of inactivated COVID-19 virus (ICoV-19) immunization on vitamin D (VD) levels, as well as biochemical and hematological parameters in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. We randomly divided twenty rats into two groups of ten: the control group (Group I) and the ICoV-19-receiving group (Group II). We administered hydroxide aluminum (HA) and a single dose of ICoV-19 (107 TCID50 of the HB02 strain of COVID-19 virus) subcutaneously to rats in groups I and II, respectively. After three weeks (day 21), we administered booster doses to both groups. Blood samples were collected from the rats of both groups primarily for the experiment and 14 days after the second administration (35th day), and then samples were stored frozen until analysis. We found no significant differences in VD levels between the two groups on day 0, but on day 35, VD levels in group II rats had significantly decreased compared to group I rats (P<0.05). Additionally, group II rats had higher concentrations of fibrinogen, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), and lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) than group I rats (P<0.05). Group II rats also showed a significant increase in neutrophils (N %) and neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (N/L) after 35 days (P<0.05), while lymphocytes (L %) decreased. These findings suggest that vitamin D may play a role in preventing COVID-19 and be a potential candidate for managing and controlling of the disease.

The population parameters of Malabar trevally (Carangoides malabaricus) were studied in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea from December 2016 to November 2017. 1030 specimens were collected. The fork length ranged from 14 to 34 cm, with average 25. 60±3. 52 cm. The total weight ranged from 60. 4 to 534. 5 g, with average 329. 03±113. 46 g. The asymptotic length (L∞) and growth coefficient (K) were 37 cm and K=0. 85 per year, respectively. The probability of capture was calculated in fork length as L25%=22. 47 cm, L50%=24. 02 cm and L75%=25. 26 cm. The length-weight relationship was determined as W= 0. 06 L 2. 62. The annual total mortality (Z), fishing mortality (F), and natural mortality (M) coefficients were estimated 3. 1, 1. 62, and 1. 48 per year, respectively. The current rate of exploitation (E) was 0. 52, and the value of exploitation ratio was found reasonable for current fishing effort. The results indicated that the Malabar trevally stock was not overexploited.