Encryption or scrambling of audio data is not enough for controlling access to them, and Watermarking methods should be used for prevention of their unauthorized distribution and thereby preserving rights of their creators. These methods enable controlling copy of audio files and also tracing copied files by hiding Copyright information in audio file. Watermarking MP3-compressed files in Web requires a special kind of watermarking that inserts copyright data directly into bit-stream of MP3 audio. In this paper, a novel technique proposed for watermarking MP3-compressed audio data. Direct extraction of watermark data from compressed file and also non-susceptibility to asynchronous MP3 frames in Watermark Embedder and Extractor, are among the significant features of the proposed system in comparison to similar methods.

Background and Aim: Different rotary NiTi systems have been introduced for root canal cleaning. This study was performed to compare the effectiveness of a manual file (K file) with two rotary systems (ProTaper and Mtwo) for root canal preparation in the first permanent molar teeth.Materials and Methods: India ink was injected to 140 of 150 mesiobuccal root canals of human mandibular first permanent molars, which were randomly divided into three experimental (including 40 canals) and three control groups (10 canals). In each of these first, second and third subgroups, either the manual instrument (K-file) or the rotary system (ProTaper and Mtwo) were used to prepare the root canals. Canals in group 4 were irrigated with normal saline. In group 5 and 6 no instrumentation was performed. After clearing the teeth, the root canals were observed with the help of a stereomicroscope and the data were analyzed by SPSS, Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests (p<0.05). Results: There was no significant difference between manual and rotary instruments. There was a significant difference between cleaning of the apical, middle and coronal areas of the canals prepared with K-file with a better performance at the apical area compared with the coronal and middle parts. While there were no significant differences in any of the three root canal regions using ProTaper or Mtwo systems.Conclusion: The ProTaper and Mtwo rotary systems showed acceptable cleaning ability and efficacy in permanent molar root canals.

The products of graphic design applications, leave behind traces of digital information which can be used during a digital forensic investigation in cases where counterfeit documents have been created. This paper analyzes the digital forensics involved in the creation of counterfeit documents. This is achieved by first recognizing the digital forensic artifacts left behind from the use of graphic design applications, and then analyzing the files associated with these applications. When analyzing digital forensic artifacts generated by an application, the specific focus is on determining whether the graphic design application was installed, whether the application was used, and determining whether an association can be made between the application’s actions and such a digital crime. This is accomplished by locating such information from the registry, log files and prefetch files. The file analysis involves analyzing files associated with these applications for file signatures and metadata. In the end it becomes possible to determine if a system has been used for creating counterfeit documents or not.

This study deals with the application of the Microsoft Excel for the estimation of the power requirements of some tillage implements. The mathematical formulas embedded in the spreadsheet file have been developed in the previously published papers; however, those formulas were augmented herein in order to contain some agricultural mechanization issues. Another feature of this article is the ability of the spreadsheet to generate trend curves automatically. The comparison of the power expenditure aspects of different tillage implements as well as the inspection of the effect of an arbitrary selected input parameter on the spreadsheet outputs were effectively performed. Numerically, the specific work of the rotary tiller was estimated two times to five times higher than the specific work of drawing implements. Furthermore, as an example of trend curves derived in this article, the increase in disc angle in the range of 25° to 70° reduced the draft and power needs of the disc plow by 66% and 54%, respectively. However, it increased the disc plow specific draft and power by 34% and21%, respectively.

Fuzzing is a dynamic software testing technique. In this technique with repeated generation and injection of malformed test data to the software under test (SUT), we are looking for the possible errors and vulnerabilities. Files are significant inputs to most real-world applications. Many of test data which are generated for fuzzing such programs are rejected by the parser because they are not in the acceptable format and this results in a low code coverage in the process of fuzz testing. Using the grammatical structure of input files to generate test data leads to increase code coverage. However, often, the grammar extraction is performed manually, which is a time consuming, costly and error-prone task. In this paper, a new method, based on deep neural language models (NLMs), is proposed for automatically learning the file structure and then generating and fuzzing test data. Our experiments demonstrate that the data produced by this method leads to an increase in the code coverage compared to previous test data generation methods. For MuPDF software, which accepts the PDF complex file format as an input, we have more than 1. 30 to 12 improvement in percent code coverage than both the intelligence and random methods.

Background & aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease that depression has been found in more than 40% of patients and due to a number of sub-clinical markers associated with disease the opportunity to the emergence of gains. The purpose of this study was to assess depression and markers of sub-clinical multiple sclerosis.Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 162 patients with MS were selected by consecutive sampling and using the clinical and demographic variables inventory, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, Short Form Health Survey questionnaire, and Fatigue Severity Scale along with identical analog-spring balance were examined. Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, one-way ANOVA, Tukey's test and stepwise multiple regression.Results: Patients with 3 or more times of frequency and hospitalizations were experiencing received a significantly higher depression scores than patients with lower frequency of hospitalization. in addition to the markers of sub-clinical disease 30% of the common variance in depression could explained totaly. Generally in the final step due to limitations of physical problems, bodily pain, fatigue the depression scores in patients were able to be predicted significantly (p<0.0001).Conclusion: The impacts of sub-clinical markers in multiple sclerosis patients with depression were significant. Therefore it is necessary that the key predictors identified in this study were known as a possible predisposing factor in the development of depression associated with multiple sclerosis be exploited to manage the disease regularly.