The main purpose of this study was to video analysis of footballers injuries participated at Asian Cup 2007. Videotapes for thirty-one out of thirty-two matches of this tournament were recorded by using a video and analyzed by one of authors. One hundred twenty five injuries were recorded for the 31 matches of the Asian Cup 2007-an overall injury rate of 109.7 per 1000 match’s hours or four injuries per match. Significant difference (P<0.05) was found between the six 15-minute periods of the game, most injuries occurred in the last 15 minutes of the second half (23.2%). Also most injury occurred in second half (N=68) than first half (N=49) and extra times (N=8). Most injuries significantly (P= 0.001) occurred in the goal area. Also strikers (23.2%) significantly (P<0.05) more injured than other players and most of the injuries resulted from aerial duels (28%), (P= 0.001). The most common site of injuries was the lower leg (20%). This study shows factors such as time elapse of the game, player position and zone of the pitch can be affected player injuries and these factors should be considered by medical staff and coaches for design prophylactics programs.

Nation-state establishment is a process wherein a country makes an attempt to gain and maintain its autonomy, sovereignty, and independence through the development of its power and institutional capacity. Such a goal can be achieved by gaining territorial saturation, national solidarity and political stability. This process has not reached a successful condition in most West Asian countries, and the governments and for some reasons, the nations do not match properly. An essential reason for these cases relates to the improper creation of these countries and their emergence from Post-World War I treaties, resulting in so many problems and challenges for these countries. The question arising here relates to the problems and challenges that nation-state building process has caused in West Asian countries. The hypothesis of this research involves the fact that various internal and external challenges such as ethnic, religious and racial variations, lack of a stable structure and solidarity of national identity, lack of democratic structures and having no resolution for territorial disputes with neighboring countries, and foreign intervention in the affaires of these countries have caused these problems. Moreover, no inclusive plan and model has been presented to accomplish the process of state-nation building and solving the problems and crises in the region. This research is aimed at providing a general analytical model for explaining the process and the challenges facing the nation-state building process in the region. This is a descriptive-explanatory research whose data are collected by reviewing the documents through library technique.

The Cup of Jamishid is a mythical symbol which first appeared in Ferdowsi's Shā hnameh, and subsequently frequently in other Persian literary works. This symbol has been heavily employed in mystical and lyrical poetry. Most studies about the significance and origin of this symbol have been either descriptive or quite short and inadequate. For instance, Jalal Khaleqi Motlaq presumed that there is pertinent and direct rapport between the Cup of Jamshid and ― the Covenant of the Universe‖ as two semiotic entities; a presumption that was later confirmed and elaborated by Arash Akbari-Mafakher. In this article, the rapport between the aforementioned semiotic entities is investigated. In order to render this investigation possible, the article utilizes a semiotic set of analytical methodology. In this utilization, the symbolic configurations of both of the semiotic entities are compared to ― The Legend (The Quest) of the Holy Grail‖ and ― The Hymn of the Pearl‖ as two Western semiotic entities. It is believed that the rapport between the Covenant of the Universe – which pertains to a mysterious form of measurement and balance – and the Cup of Jamshid – which is also a symbol of Jamshid‘ s monarchical sovereignty over the world – is the drive behind mankind to further them towards forming civilization. As the Covenant of the Universe is the symbol of measurement and scaling of universal and cosmic truth, the Cup of Jamshid functions as a scrying object.