During the fiber and/or yarn spinning processes, sizing, weaving or dyeing of the textiles, various finishing treatments are performed on the fibers, yarns or fabrics to increase the added value of the final product or to avoid the technical problems during the textile production. Finishing treatments in addition to making changes in the physical and chemical structure of the yarn and fabric, new characteristics are added to the textiles and as a result, their applications are expanded in order to meet the needs of the customers. Emulsion polymerization has many applications in various fields, especially textile industries, due to its advantages such as simplicity of the production process, possibility of synthesizing polymers with high molecular weight and low energy consumption. Admicellar polymerization also provides the possibility of applying very thin polymeric coatings on various substrates. Therefore, due to the ease of the coating process, it has a great ability to improve the surface properties of textiles. Emulsion and admicellar polymerization processes are widely used in the textile industry for finishing the fibers, yarns and fabrics to improve the properties of textiles. In this article, the emulsion and admicellar polymerization processes is introduced. Then, their applications in the textile industry finishing processes including water and fire repellent, electrical conductivity, antimicrobial, ultraviolet shedding, fragrance textiles as well as the production of water-soluble adhesives for use in fabrics dyeing and printing were reviewed.