In December 26, 2019, 4 unusual cases of pneumonia were recorded in China, three of those were from the same family. Another 3 cases of pneumonia were found in the same hospital in December 28 and 29(1). The virus started to expand rapidly so that doctors in Wuhan Hospital reported the phenomenon to China’ s CDC and WHO. The research articles began to publish online from the first of January. The Coronavirus news spread out as quickly as the virus. The virus was named new coronavirus 2019 (nCoV 2019). In January 7, 2020 the disease caused by the virus was identified as CoVID 19 (1). The altmetrics database indicates the first mentions to the peer reviewed articles about coronavirus has been tracked in social media like Twitter and Facebook since January 16, 2020. The majority of mentions aggregated from the public profiles. The scientists, practitioners (like doctors) and science communicators (like journalists) were the other group of people who mentioned the scientific articles. This could be a dangerous sign for risk communication, at the same time. The public are the main group who follow the news and information on the social media but not all of the public know how to distinguish misinformation from the truth....

In the past three decades, performance-enhancing drugs have been increasingly taken by athletes. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of doping and type of doping substances in World Sports in 2004-2005. Information about the number of tests and positive tests in different sports were gained via World Anti-Doping Agency and International Olympic Committee websites and analyzed by descriptive statistics. The results showed that the number of tests in 2005 (183337 cases) increased about 8.4% when compared to 2004 (1691187 cases). Also, the percentage of positive tests in 2005 (3909 cases) increased 34.4% when compared to 2004 (2909 cases). In two years, 6818 positive tests were reported. Most positive tests were observed in cycling in two years (1089 cases). Most doping substances in two years were anabolic steroids (3055 cases), cannabinoids (1021 cases) and beta-2 agonist (990 cases). Totally, the results showed that use of doping substance in World Sports is high and unfortunately is increasing every year. Investigations have shown that high effect of this substance, distribution of this substance and athletes' low levels of knowledge regarding this substance are the main reasons of doping.

Objective Down syndrome or trisomy 21 is one of the most common human chromosomal disorders that affect cognitive functions, communication and behavioral skills. At the macro level, various factors can contribute to the Down syndrome prevalence and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the association of health system functions with Down syndrome prevalence and mortality worldwide. Materials & Methods The study was a cross-sectional study conducted based on the secondary analysis of existing data in 2019. Data from 202 countries in six different regions (African Region [AFRO], Eastern Mediterranean Region [EMRO], European Region [EURO], South-East Asia Region [SEARO], Western Pacific Region [WPRO], and Pan American Health Organization [PAHO]) were included in the study. Data were extracted from the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Bank and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation databases. The adjusted linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between health system-related factors with prevalence of, and death due to Down syndrome as the outcome variables. In the present study, two functions of health financing (domestic general government health expenditure [GGHE-D] per capita in PPP [purchasing power parity] int$, domestic private health expenditure [PHE-D] per capita in PPP int$, external health expenditure [EXT] per capita in PPP int$) and health system resources (nurse and midwifery personnel, generalist medical practitioners [GMP], specialist medical practitioners [SMP], pharmacists, dentists, physiotherapists) were included in the study as independent variables. We used the Stata software version 14 to analyze Results Africa and low-income countries had the highest deaths due to Down syndrome. On the other side, Europe and high-income countries had the highest prevalence of Down syndrome worldwide. According to the available data, Iran had a lower prevalence (29. 31 vs 38. 44 per 100, 000 population) and higher deaths (0. 34 vs 0. 32 per 100, 000 population) compared to high-income countries. The 20-year trend of prevalence of, and deaths due to Down syndrome in Iran has always been lower and higher than high-income countries, respectively. Linear regression analysis showed that GGHE-D per capita (β, =0. 385, P<0. 001) and PHE-D per capita (β, =0. 354, P=0. 02) could predict the prevalence of Down syndrome sig-nificantly in the study countries. On the other hand, nurse and midwifery personnel (β, =-0. 607, P=0. 014) and number of SMP (β, =0. 420, P=0. 025) were associated with increased deaths from Down syndrome in the included countries. Conclusion Our findings showed GGHE-D and PHE-D are associated with a higher prevalence of Down syndrome in health systems. On the other hand, health system resources (nurses and SMP) were the main predictors of death due to Down syndrome in the included countries. International organizations and governments need to monitor and improve the equitable access of vulnerable groups to health services in low-income countries. Improving health insurance coverage and equitable distribution of health resources is suggested to reduce deaths due to Down syndrome in Iran.

The extant study was conducted to examine the economic effects of an oil supply shock, assess the response of Iran's GDP[1] to oil supply shocks specific to the main oil exporting countries, and oil-based Global Vector Autoregression Model (GVAR-Oil) throughout 1976Q2-2016Q4 covering 27 country-region cases. The consequences caused by the positive oil supply shock of the USA included an actual increase in the GDP of oil-importing countries in both developed and emerging markets, an inflation decline in most countries, and rising stock prices worldwide. In particular, Iran-specific oil-supply shock had a minor impact on the global economy because of the increase in the oil production rate of Saudi Arabia. In contrast, a negative shock to the oil supply in Saudi Arabia led to an instant and permanent rise in oil prices. According to countries' vulnerability findings, the economies of Saudi Arabia and Iran were more influenced by negative oil supply shocks compared to Indonesia and Norway. The present study indicated that Saudi Arabia-specific negative oil supply shock had a different effect than other major oil-exporting countries.

استراتژی دریایی یکی از مهمترین ابعاد استراتژی ملی قدرت های بزرگ به حساب می آید. این مساله اگرچه با تحول ماهوی قدرت در سیاست جهانی، اهمیتی را که آلفرد ماهان در «تاثیر و نفوذ قدرت دریایی در تاریخ» مطرح کرده بود را از دست داده است اما در دو دهه اخیر مجددا به عرصه رقابت ژئوپلیتیک قدرت های بزرگ بازگشته است. در این میان، اقیانوس هند و شکل گیری ائتلاف بندی های جدیدی مانند کواد و آکوس در آن را می توان نقطه عزیمت جدیدی در بازی قدرت های جهانی دانست. در این راستا، این مقاله به این سوال اصلی پرداخته است که اقیانوس هند چه جایگاهی در معادلات ژئوپلیتیک قدرت های دریایی با تاکید بر گروه بندی های کواد و آکوس دارد؟ یافته های این پژوهش که به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی صورت گرفته نشان دهنده انتقال تدریجی مرکز ثقل اقتصاد و سیاست جهانی از اقیانوس اطلس به اقیانوس هند-آرام است که در پرتو ائتلاف بندی های نظامی و امنیتی جدید به تشدید رقابت و تنش میان قدرت های بزرگ دریایی منجر خواهد شد.