Background and Objective: Antibiotics are hardly decomposable and resistant contaminants in the environment that according to their anti-biological properties, it is necessary to eliminate or reduce the amount of them before entering the environment. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to investigate the Fenton and Fenton-like process efficiency for the treatment of wastewater containing Spiramycin antibiotic. Materials and Methods: The effect of independent variables including pH, contact time, oxidant concentration (H2O2), and catalyst concentration (Fe2+ and Fe3+) on the COD removal efficiency were measured using COD meter. The ranges and number of experiments were assigned by RSM (Response surface method) using design expert software. Results: The optimum conditions of Fenton process with treatment efficiency of 63. 31% were obtained at pH 4, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 50 mg/L, Fe2+ concentration of 75 mg/L and contact time of 5 min. The optimum conditions of Fenton-like process with treatment efficiency of 51. 21% were obtained at pH 3, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 60 mg/L, Fe3+ concentration of 137. 5 mg/L and contact time of 32. 5 min. Based on the ANOVA analysis results, the f value in Fenton method indicates that the model is significant. Conclusion: According to the results, Fenton oxidation process was selected as the optimum method to remove COD from synthetic wastewater containing Spiramycin antibiotic which may be applied as an efficient method for the treatment of wastewaters containing antibiotic.

Among the different compounds of water pollutants which generally discharge into water resources through raw wastewater and effluent, phenol is particularly important. This substance is an abundant compound which also enters into water resources naturally. Since phenol is a toxic substance and eliminating it through a biological method is difficult, using the process of Fenton Oxidation seems appropriate because of the facility and the possibility of application in different scales and also economic considerations. In this study, the efficiency of Fenton oxidation process in the removal of phenol from aqueous solutions is examined.Method: This is an experimental study which is carried out in laboratory scale. The solution under study is prepared synthetically from different phenol concentrations. The optimized parameters in Fenton process including pH, reaction time and dosage of H2O2 and Fe2+ were considered. Phenol concentration is measured using a spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) according to procedure of the standard method book. In the Fenton process, maximum phenol removal was found 96% at following conditions pH=3-4, reaction time=30 min, 0.5 molar H2O2 and 0.03 molar ferric sulfate. The result of this study showed that fenton oxidation process has a high efficiency in the removal of phenol from aqueous solutions.

Background and purpose: Wastewater olive processing industries have significant amounts of organic compounds resistant to biodegradation which are hazardous if not treated and discharged to the environment. Advanced oxidation processes such as Fenton process have been considered to increase and improve the biological degradability of this type of wastewater. Current study aimed at investigating the efficiency of Fenton process in olive oil mill wastewater treatment. Materials and methods: A laboratory-scale experimental study was carried out. Wastewater properties of olive oil such as COD, BOD5, TOC, color, and turbidity were determined, then the efficiency of Fenton process in wastewater treatment was evaluated. The effects of parameters such as ferrous ion, hydrogen peroxide concentration, pH, time, etc. on the performance of the process were determined. Then, the optimal conditionswere found for the Fenton process. All examinations were done according to Standard Methods for the examination of Water and Wastewater. Results: Concentrations of COD and BOD were 67427 and 22400 mg/L, respectively. The highest removal rates in optimum conditions for major pollutants such as COD, BOD, TOC, and color were 81. 9%, 60. 13%, 57. 43%, 44. 2%, and 91. 7%, respectively obtained at 150 minutes. Conclusion: Fenton process by producing hydroxyl radicals can highly remove pollutants resulting from olive oil waste and can be applied before biological processes.

Advanced oxidation processes are associated with the production of very active hydroxyle radicals with a high potential for oxidation of organic compounds. One such process is Fenton process which reacts with ferrous ions in acidic media to produce a hydroxyle radical. It is an oxidation-reduction reaction in which the metallic ion accepts the transfer of one electron. A variety of factors such as pH, temperature, reaction time, and ferrous and H2O2 concentrations may affect the efficiency of the method. In this study, synthetic solutions of anionic LAS and ABS both having wide household and industrial applications were obtained and used to evaluate the efficiency of Fenton process in the removal and treatability of different concentrations of ferrous and H2O2 for a variety of contact times. Experiments were performed with different concentrations of H2O2 and ferrous iron at a constant pH of 3 in a jar test apparatus adjusted at 200 rpm and for different contact times (20, 40, 60, and 80 minutes). Results showed that increase in catalyst and oxidant concentrations increased removal efficiency. At a H2O2 concentration of 750 mg/l and a ferrous ion concentration of 130mg/l, 86% of LAS and ABS was removed in 80 minutes. Under these conditions, Fenton oxidation reduced the COD content of the ABS sample from 470 mg/L to 187 mg/L. The BOD5/COD ratio improved by 0.225 for a concentration of 600 mg/L of H2O2 and 130 mg/L of ferrous ion in 60 minuets. Measurements after the reaction revealed that pH reduced from 3 to 2.6 as a result of acidic intermediaries produced; this can be interesting for reaction control investigations.

Introduction: Phenol is one of the aromatic hydrocarbons that exist in wastewater of various industries such as manufacturing chemicals, oil refinery and petrochemical industries. Because of its high toxicity and undesirable effect on organisms, its concentration control is essential in nature. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Fenton oxidation process for the removal of phenol from synthetic wastewater.Methods: This is an experimental study. At the laboratory scale and in a batch system, the effect of pH, the optimal values of Fe 2+ and H2O2, exposure time and different concentrations of phenol on the removal efficiency of phenol was studied. In the samples, Phenol was measured by high-performance liquid chromatograph equipped with UV-Visible detector.Results: The results indicated that phenol with initial concentration of1.6 mM/Lin optimal conditions of pH =3, Fe2+=0.09 mM/L and H2O2=5.9mM/L (Fe2+/ H2O2= 0.015) was removed about 97% after 15 minutes. Increasing initial concentrations of phenol from1.6to3.7 mM / L caused a decrease in removal efficiency from 97 to 75%. The optimum ratio of Fe2+/ H2O2/Phenol was 0. 01.Conclusion: This method can be used as a suitable alternative option for the removal of phenol to meet environmental standards.

Background and Objectives: Cyanide is a toxic pollutant existing in the various industrial effluents such as iron and steel, coal mining, non-ferrous metals manufacturing and metal plating. Its presence in water resources and wastewater, as serious hazardous substances leads to undesirable effects on both the environment and human. Thus, its concentration control is essential for human health. The main goal of this study was to evaluate Fenton process efficiency in cyanide removal from aqueous solution.Materials and Methods: This is an experimental study Conducted at Lab scale in a batch system.We investigated effect of different variables including; pH, mole ratio of Fe2+/ H2O2, contact time, and initial concentration of cyanide. Data were analyzed using Excel software.Results: We found that cyanide with initial concentrations of 0.4 mM/L was reduced by 92 %.This removal result was related to oxidizing agent of hydroxyl radicals under optimum conditions including; pH=4, molar ratio Fe2+/ H2O2=0.046 (Fe2+=0.27 mM/L) after 6o min reaction time.An increase in reaction time was not improved cyanide removal efficiency. Moreover, the Fenton process efficiency in cyanide removal decreased from 92 to 60 %, by increasing the initial cyanide concentration from 0.4 to 0.6 mM/L.Conclusion: It can be concluded that Fenton oxidation Process can be considered as a suitable alternative for cyanide removal to achieve environmental standards.

Backgrounds and Objectives: Untreated leachate is discharging into the environment in the many countries of worldwide. Leachate treatment methods have not been unified so far due to variable composition of leachate. Moreover, the uncontrolled management of leachate, cause many environmental dissociates. The aims of this study apply the Fenton process to decrease the pollutants of Kerman leachate.Materials and Methods: Raw leachate was obtained from compactor vehicles used for the collection of Kerman city solid waste, before final disposal. In order to removal of biodegradable organic compounds, a rector was built based on characteristics of landfill Kerman city and raw leachate underwent anaerobic treatment in this pilot. In the next stage, treated leachate in the pilot, was affected by Fenton process. The optimized parameters in Fenton process including pH, reaction time and dosage of H2O2 and Fe2+ were also studied.Results: The results showed that TSS, BOD5 and COD decrease to 62*, 96* and 89*, respectively, after 60 days treatment in the pilot. BOD5/COD ratio also decreased from 0.6 to 0.2 in anaerobic treated leachate. In optimum condition (pH=3, reaction time=75 min, Fe2+=1400 mg/L and H2O2 = 2500 mg/L) maximum COD removal was 78 * by Fenton process. BOD5/COD ratio increased from 0.2 to 0.51 which showed an increase in biodegradability of leachate as a result of Fenton process.Conclusion: anaerobic biologically treatment followed by Fenton processes could be assumed as an efficient process that could improved the leachate quality. Biological treatment to reduce leachate pollution alone was not enough. The most important Fenton process advantage is reduction of refractory and toxic leachate compounds and increasing leachate.s biodegradability.

refineries petrochemical, industries pesticide industries and many others. This compound causes damage to environment. The purpose of this research was the survey of 4-chlorophenole degradation by Feo/H2O2 of synthetic wastewater and resulting intermediate compounds.Methods: This study is an applied- experimental research which was performed in laboratory scale. The parameters such as pH, hydrogen peroxide, contact time, iron powder and mixing velocity were investigated in the removal of 4-chlorophenole. UV215 and COD indexes were studied related to produced intermediate compounds.Results: The best conditions for the removal of 4-chlorophenol were achieved in pH 4, the ratio of hydrogen peroxide to 4-chlorophenol 18.8, the ratio of hydrogen peroxide to iron powder 0.4, contact time of 5min and mixing velocity of 180rpm. For investigating mineralization of 4-chlorophenol, COD index was used It was observed that 4-chlorophenol was not mineralized absolutely. Decrease of chlorinated properties and aromatic compounds in solution, as well as improve ment of 4-chlorophenol decomposition were achieved with increasing chloral ion and UV215 index in 5minute.Conclusion: Regarding the results and considering the high resistance of 4-chlorophenole in biological treatment, can be used Feo/H2O2 for producing compounds with high decomposition and low toxicity.