According to Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights the notion of “Fraternity” is recognized as a human duty and as it stipulates: “All human beings … should act toward another in the spirit of brotherhood”. While The Declaration is partially influenced by religious terms such as “Fraternity”, most of its concepts are based on Western individualistic philosophy which suits the social and economic structure of liberal societies. This paper is an attempt to find whether the notion of Fraternity which requires “to be responsible toward others”, “sense of human unity”, “generosity” … could be applied in liberal societies and accepted as moral values. For this purpose, it studies the concept from three different perspectives: Philosophical, Ontological and Values of the liberal societies.

Different modes of communications have revolutionized the interactions among people, henceforth the quality of life. Communications studies expand on the "Wave" of "the information age" and "information superhighway". What do these concepts mean to the future growth pattern of cities? Once again, introduction of a new technology makes a deep impression on the quality of urban life. Improvements in telecommunications will bring about the "death of distance". But does this mean that face to face interactions will become obsolete, or demands for more interaction will be created? This research article focuses on communications as means of access and deals with the inter-relationships between technology and society. In an urban life many services can be reached through telecommunications, but the nuclei in a city will still remain viable with new and expanded meaning to the flowing urban life. The power of telecommunications to reduce or disperse the congestion of the central core, in reality is a major contributor to overcrowding in urban nuclei and their connections. This research warns about the inequality in the accessibility of the new technology. Equal opportunity to reach and produce information is an unrealized concept. "Insolated Islands" should not be created in a society by the discrimination of access to the new technology. The continuation of such policies will result in the spread of individualism in the society in epidemic proportions. The assumption that telecommunications will replace transportation without the latter's ill effects is examined and concluded that communications and transportation, conceptually, complete and reinforce each other. The new communication technology improves the transportation system in areas of capacity, efficiency and security. Today, we are in the first stages to find a new perception on a two way relationship between cities, as physical and social settings, and communication systems as means of connections. It is also noted that the new communication technology has a very complex impact on the quality of social interactions. This impact will not desolve but enhance the relationships shaped based on face to face communications. New theoretical models must be designed to consider the relationship between technological and social aspects of a society. Of course, cultural domains are specific for each community. Telecommunications expand the spatial perception of one's urban environment. In turn, a more complex relationship is defined in the public and private domains of urban life. The quality of life in a city shows at different levels with different scales, so that the decisions should be made at each level and scale with residents participation and knowledge. Finally communications technology can increase productivity and reduce costs, so that result in a more sustainable development and give people higher personal flexibility and choice.      

Novel, from the very outset, has transferred everyday life into literature. Considered as an artistic ,mode of expression, novel may equally translate the reality or betray it. In both cases, the novel is a genre through which the texture and structure of the society is read. This article undertakes to provide examples which show how novel introduces the different. social groups and different classes and also the interpersonnal relationships which develop among them.