Demographic group of single girls in some rural areas of the country that has emerged due single are exposed to social exclusion. The present study investigated the process of creating social exclusion of rural girls in a single community, the current capacity and their implications for social exclusion. Study of qualitative research methods in rural and mountainous areas Chkvchhpsht Gnglhvah and in the city Rezvanshahr done. Participant observation and semi-structured interviews to collect data from individual and foundation theoretic approach is used to analyze the data. Glances and words ironic, humiliating and Trhmamyz others, spread rumors; feel discriminated against, dependency, shame, blame, loneliness, fear, anticipation, pain, physical illness, depression, worry about the future of women's issues. Isolation and withdrawal from others, poor social relationships with people outside the circle of family and relatives. Absence in order to participate in the community, working, learning and leisure skills is a consequence of the above situation.

In this paper, we intend to examine the controversy between Frege and Hilbert over geometry about abstract algebra, whether Frege's thinking about abstract algebra works out or Hilbert's? To this end, we first study the times when Frege and Hilbert were engaged in philosophy, to have an idea of the dominant intellectual atmosphere of that time and its influence on these two mathematicians. With this in mind, then we have pointed out some differences between Frege and Hilbert's approaches. We have concluded that their most important differences are the role of the subject in mathematics and the discussion about compatibility. After presenting the normative definition of algebra, we have investigated the points made by Hilbert and Frege, using the later Wittgenstein theories expressed in the books On Certainty and Philosophical Investigation. Finally, by considering all the aspects, we have concluded that what seems to be more useful in the philosophical study of algebra is a third approach, which is Wittgenstein's approach with some modifications, since it guarantees some important features. These features are meaningfulness, intersubjectivity, and rule-orientation, all of which are important features for mathematicians.

This paper is based on a qualitative study in which an attempt is made to analyze the perceived understanding of single girls in Yasuj of socio-economic contexts and contexts that are effective in raising the age of marriage. For this purpose, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 single girls in Yasuj who were selected by purposive sampling method. The Colaizzi content analysis method was used, In the data analysis stage. The main categories extracted in the interview with the interviewees were: "economic disadvantage of marriage", "generalized socio-economic expectations" and "changes in the family system and family values" and include 11 Sub-categories: 'Complexity of economic conditions", 'Inefficiency of support plans', "Dominance of economic criteria over Marriage", 'Job challenges and fear of marriage", "Increasing luxuries and difficulty in providing dowry", "Economic Equilibrium and Socio-Economic expectations of boys", "Demanding educational and financial balance in girls and boys remnants", "Highlighting family injuries" and … .In general, the findings of this study indicated that socio-economic contexts greatly disrupt the system of calculating profit and loss in marriage, and therefore in the current situation of marriage is not economically viable and thus, the girls’ marriage style compared to previous decades of the traditional form and Its family-orienteers has been removed and, by adopting more modern methods, it has undergone changes and transformations, such as marriage age rising.

Celibacy is a condition that deprives human beings from some social and interactive opportunities due to lack of married life, and can provoke loneliness and social isolation. In this regard, this study will follow two goals: how much single girls over 30 in Yazd suffer from social isolation and what factors create and exacerbate this isolation? This is a survey study with statistical population of 2613 which 139 girls were selected among them as the sample population through snowball sampling method. The results indicated that the average rate of social isolation among the sample population was 63. 09% and this represented a relatively high degree of isolation. From among the remaining variables in the regression model, traditional beliefs and perceptions of oneself have the greatest impact on social isolation. The greatest impact belongs to ones' perception of herself. 29. 8% of the variance of social isolation can be explained by the linear combination variance of independent variables.