Background and Objective: Surveying of Balekhloo River’ s water is necessary because it is one of the main branches of Gharasoo River in Ardabil and supplying water for Yamchi dam Due to the presence of contaminant sources such as wastewater, residential areas, and industrial, agricultural and mineral water, river morphology. Today evaluation of water quality based on macro invertebrates variety has completed chemical methods of pollution recognizes. Method: In this study water quality examination of Balekhloo River in Ardebil, macro invertebrates were sampled in 5 stations along the river in 2 times of year (low water season and high water season). For results’ simulation measuring of some physico chemical parametres were perfomed. Macro invertebrates were identified and evaluated with Shannon winner variety index, Margalef biotic index and Pielou similarity index. Findings: In this study, ten orders of invertebrates in 23 categories were identified and counted and result simulation laboratory measured of physico chemical parameters like DO, Nitrate, PH, Debi and velocity. Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed that there are similarities between physical, chemical and biological indexes and Margalef biotic index was known more suitable bio assessment index to determine water quality in Balekhloo River. Finally, by comparison of physical, chemical and bio index parameters of Balekhloo River’ s water quality was classified into three region low, moderate and high pollution.

Seed germination is one of the most important and basic stages of plant growth and development so it has great importance and effect on other stages of its growth. Cassia is a plant from the legume family and has many medicinal properties. Cassia propagation is done by seeds, but no study and report on the tolerance of these seeds to salinity stress in the country have been presented yet. Two factorial experiments were performed in a completely randomized design at the Seed Technology Laboratory of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. In the first experiment, the effect of hormone priming treatment with gibberellin, halopriming with potassium nitrate, and hydro priming on Cassia seed germination was investigated. The results of this experiment showed that the highest seed vigor was obtained in the treatment of 50 mg/l gibberellin for 12 hours of priming. After selecting the best treatment (gibberellin 50 mg/l for 12 hours), germination characteristics of primed seeds compared with no primed seeds under salinity stress (0, 4, 8, 14, 16, and 20 dS/m). The results showed that seed tolerance to salinity stress at the germination stage increased significantly with seed priming. The highest seed vigor was observed in priming treatment at no salinity stress condition (339.89) while the lowest seed vigor of primed treatment was observed in 20 dS/m. Unprimed seeds could not withstand salinity stress beyond 4 dS/m.

In this research, Sesame (Sesamum indicum L var.shevin) seed germination characteristics under drought stress conditions influenced by different seed priming treatments were investigated. In two separate experiments, germination responses to different temperatures (1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 ° C) and also different drought stresses (water potentials of -9, -11, -13 and -15 bar) were considered. Based on the results, 25 ° C was determined as optimum germination temperature. The -11 bar water potential was also determined as drought stress. Hydropriming and osmopriming of the seeds were performed at three temperatures of 20, 25 and 30 ° C. The duration of priming was determined based on the priming temperature and type. Calcium chloride osmopriming treatment was performed in three concentrations of 1, 2 and 3 mM. The seeds were primed using potassium nitrate in three concentrations of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3%. After priming using the mentioned treatments, the seeds were dried out to initial seed moisture content and then subjected to drought stress (-11 bar) during germination period to determine the best priming treatments. Priming treatments significantly improved seed germination characteristics under drought stress. Overall, The results of this experiment demonstrated that use of hydropriming for the seeds of sesame had the highest germination features. So this treatment can be presented as an appropriate treatment for this plant as it is cost-effective, safe and eco-friendly.

Studies have shown that Nitrate (NO3-) rich beetroot juice (BJ) supplementation improves high-intensity intermittent exercise, its ergogenic effect on taekwondo is yet to be determined. This study aimed to investigate an acute 120 ml BJ (800 mg NO3-) dietary NO3-on simulated taekwondo test compared with placebo (PL). twelve trained male taekwondo athletes (age: 21 ± 3 years, height: 180 ± 2. 07 cm, body mass: 64. 8 ± 4. 0 kg, BMI 19. 75 ± 1. 17(kg/m2)) completed two experimental trials using a randomized, double‐blind design. 150 min after supplementation and placebo consummation, the number of taekwondo kicks, the number of successful kicks, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded in each round of the simulated taekwondo competition. The data were analyzed by the dependent t-test. No significant difference between conditions was observed in the number of taekwondo kicks during each round (p > 0. 05). on the contrary, results of the number of successful kicks each round showed that the average of the BJ supplement group is significantly higher than the placebo group (p < 0. 05). there were no significant differences in RPE between the two conditions (p > 0. 05). It seems that ingestion of BJ has some positive effects on force generation during the taekwondo match although more researches are needed.

Background and objectives: Different plants from different climates are collected according to the objectives of botanical gardens. Climate is one of the important ecological factors that has the greatest impact on the longevity of plants. Changing the location of the plant from a dry to a humid climate may cause stress and change in vegetative behavior. Therefore, the selection of plants for each region should be based on climate knowledge. The objectives of this research included investigating the effect of climate and nutritional treatments on the growth of wild almond (Prunus scoparia Schneider).Methodology: This research was conducted by two related experimental methods. One of which included investigating the effect of climate on the growth of wild almond in Nowshahr Botanical Garden in Nowshahr county in north of Iran and the other one was the nutritional treatments on the seedlings of the wild almond in the Garden. The investigated factors in the climate effect test included the species of wild almond, environmental indicators and soil. The nutritional treatments were carried out as a completely randomized factorial design in three replications in the nursery section that the test factors were three levels of calcium nitrate as foliar spraying with a concentration of zero (control), 5 and 7.5 mM and two levels of potassium sulfate as foliar spraying with a concentration of zero (control) and 6 mM. The time of conducting this research was from 2017 to 2022. The seeds of the wild almond species were collected from the heights of Ghatour valley from Rahal village to Ghatour district located in Khoy county, Iran with an altitude range of 1492 to 1873 meters above sea level. Some parameters related to soil, plant and climate were evaluated at the same time as the experiment started in Nowshahr and Khoy counties. After the seeds germinated and the seedlings emerged from the soil, nutrition treatments were carried out by spraying potassium sulfate and calcium nitrite.Results: The results of the experiments showed that Nowshahr's climate had a significant effect on the growth indicators of almond species from temperature, humidity, evaporation, sunny hours and ice days. The highest photosynthesis rate of 2.45 mg/fresh weight and the highest plant transpiration rate of 1.35 mmol/square meter per second were observed in Khoy climate. The lowest root length in Nowshahr Botanical Garden was 63.32 cm with the highest share of leafless branches at 60.98%. Correlation relationships of root length in the soil and the intensity of leaf fall (leafless branches) show a significant positive correlation at the 1% level with the amount of plant transpiration. The results of the test data showed that the use of potassium sulfate compared to the control seedlings, led to an increase in the amount of plant growth and, as a result, expanded the canopy width. In this research, the relationship between calcium absorption and transport in the plant showed that the reduction of calcium in the leaf tissues in the control seedlings decreased the resistance of the plant to maintain the leaves. Calcium foliar application increased the amount of calcium in leaf tissue in almonds. One of the effects of this phenomenon is the increase in the durability of almond seedlings to about 30%.Conclusion: Foliar treatments of potassium and calcium nutrients, although to some extent increased the durability of almond seedlings during the experiment, but the growth disorders caused by the effect of climatic factors prevailed over the nutritional treatment. Therefore, the seedlings could not successfully adapt to the new environment even with the help of nutritional behavior.