A methane-air turbulent premixed flame is simulated via probability density function (pdf) and Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) methods. In the pdf approach, molecular mixing is modelled through the modified Curl’s model. A Monte Carlo method is used to solve the pdf transport equation. Also, the run time averaging and local time stepping procedures are incorporated to increase the accuracy and reduce the computational time of the pdf simulation. In the RANS approach, the averaged chemical reaction rate term is modeled by the eddy breakup-finite rate model. A finite difference discretization on a staggered grid is utilized to obtain the numerical solution for the RANS equations. The characteristics and differences of the two above mentioned methods, including computational time and predicted mean fields, are investigated in detail for premixed flames. It is observed that the discrepancy of the predicted mean fields between the two methods is large especially in regions near the flame. In addition, the predicted flame length by the pdf method is approximately half the flame length predicted by the RANS method.

Background and Objectives: Marital satisfaction and compatibility of spouses are axis and focus of family foundation, which are influenced by different factors. One of these factors is occupational status of each spouse The current study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the marital satisfaction in female nurses of Khalkhal city.Methods: This research was conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional study on 120 female nurses of Khalkhal city in 2014. The sampling method was non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Spearman correlation coefficient, independent t-, one-way ANOVA, Friedman, and multiple liner regression tests at the significance level of p<0.05.Results: The total study population was 120 female nurses with the mean age of 34.03±6.52 years. Ninety-nine subjects (82.5%) had very high satisfaction, 14 subjects (11.7%) high satisfaction, and 7 nurse (5.8%) moderate satisfaction. There was a significant relationship between marital satisfaction and number of sex (p<0.001) and occupation of spouse (p<0.04). The predictor variables effective in marital satisfaction are related to baby number (Beta=2.64, p>0.01) and working experience (Beta=1.85, p>0.04).Conclusion: In this study, the level of marital satisfaction was reported to be high among nurses of Khalkhal. Perhaps more complete and extensive investigation could show the cause of high satisfaction among nurses. Also, identification of the factors promoting marital satisfaction could be used as a strategy to teach spouses of other trade and professional groups, in whom satisfaction level is low.

In this study, a new method for producing initial conditions that are required for the Brownian dynamics simulation of dilute polymer suspension flows is proposed. For this purpose, the equilibrium probability distribution function is employed to generate an equilibrium ensemble of polymers. This approach is programmed and by using it, a polymer suspension in the inception of a simple shear flow is simulated. Also, the results of simulations in a similar flow configuration based on the conventional approach of generating initial conditions are presented. The excellent agreement between the results demonstrates the high accuracy of the proposed method for generating initial conditions. The main advantage of the proposed method is its low computational cost.

This paper introduces a new model for predicting the tropospheric scintillation path loss with respect to Iranian climate. Tile variance, probability density function (pdf), and attenuation scintillation are predicted based on the new model and using measurement data obtained from Iranian metrological department for different parts of Iran. Applying this model and corresponding data, the variance of scintillation, scintillation pathl loss and scintillation ,standard deviation predicted for different Iranian cities. The results reveal that scintillation variance pdf shows a long normal behaviour in Iran. Moreover, the path loss due to scintillation phenomenon in satellite- ground communication links cannot be ignored particularly in microwave and higher frequency ranges. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account these effects when designing satellite- ground and microwaves communicational links.

In this paper, we will introduce an intelligent system to edit and spell check Persian texts. The goal is editing and preprocessing Persian texts for natural language processing tasks. This system is based on an expandable and engineering approach and is composed of three subsystems: Persian text editor, spell checker and stemmer. These parts interact with each other to edit texts. To do this, the stemmer subsystem process each word in the text; if the subsystem could not find a stem in the lexicon, the word will be recognized as an incorrect word. Then, the spell checker provides a list of suggestions to correct the wrong word. Subsequently, the editor subsystem edits the text based on the standards of the Academy of Persian Language and Literature. Our evaluation shows nearly 92%, 95% and 96% precision numbers for editor, stemmer and spell checker subsystems, respectively.