Science and technology parks are new emergent in Iran as an important tool for moving toward knowledge-based economy. Potential benefits of science and technology parks in economic development could emerge actively if there is an appropriate market for them. The environmental factor is the most important factor in the success of science and technology parks.Previous surveys have implied on importance of scientific and technological infrastructure of host regions in attracting the talents (customers) to science and technology parks. The first group of park’s talents does have a determining role in creating identity of science and technology parks. In fact, existence of synergy potential is one of the most important attractiveness of parks. The first groups of park’s talents are from local markets and provide suitable circumstances for attracting other knowledge -based companies to park.In the present article, relative position of host regions of Iranian science and technology parks are studied through their R&D and manufacturing activities shares in the country. The paper will be concluded with some recommendations for establishing suitable activity models for parks.

Today we are witnessing a fast movement from traditional economy towards knowledge- based digital economy as a result of breathtaking IT revolution. So science and technology parks, as one of the most important factors in economic growth and regional development, should be frontier in using IT facilities to help their tenants compete with other companies. Furthermore, because of diversity of the science parks in form and function, the academic literature about their classification is sparse and most of the exiting taxonomies can not be applied to all countries science parks. In this paper, we are going to classify science parks based on the IT facilities they provide for their tenants, and then we will apply it on Iranian science parks.

Nowadays, Governance in science and technology has become more serious for policymakers and governors. One of the most important reasons for this matter would be for the investigation of the main players’ roles and their operations in science and technology. The importance of reviewing Science and Technology Parks (STPs) - as a key player in science and technology governance and also a government policy tool for science and technology development- has got less attention of policy makers, despite its main role in science and technology. In this regard, this paper aims to investigate on the governance of innovation and technology in science and technology parks of Iran. In this regard, STPs main functions are extracted from the literature and related regulations and government supports which are related to STPs functions are highlighted. Eventually, a discussion about the effectiveness of mentioned supports and regulations for implementation of the STPs functions’ in Iran has been presented.

Organizational structure as an operational context for organization's plans and strategies clarifies the relationship among employees or executives. Along with changing in the other components of transformation, organizations must consider changing their organizational structure. Iran's Science and Technology Parks as centers for promopting innovation in a local and national society also need a structure appropriate to their mission, goals, tasks and fundamental activities. In this article, we review structure notion and its structural and content aspects and introduce Science and Technology Parks as developmental mechanisms. In order to achieve a proper structure for Iran's Science and Technology Parks, we studied the Parks' fundamental activities in their mission and goals statements and conduct a comparative study of the structure of 12 Science and Technology Parks of pioneer countries accompanied with acquiring the viewpoints of managers and experts of Science and Technology Parks. Then a conceptual model of organizational structure of Science and Technology Parks based on comparative studies and literature review in organizational structure and considering the challenge with current structure of Parks was developed. In the end, by interviewing managers and some of Iran's Science and Technology Parks experts, the proper structure is presented and necessary suggestions to managers and future researchers are explained.

In recent years, development has been emphasized from another perspective using a knowledge-based approach. This kind of view requires the creation of growth centers and technology parks in different areas. The main purpose of establishing technology parks is to promote science and technology in the region, and Sistan and Baluchestan Science and Technology Park is no exception to this rule. With the establishment of the Science and Technology Park, the province intends to increase the quality of its industrial and production sectors with the help of its human resources. The present study, with the aim of the role of science and technology parks in creating jobs for rural women, has tried to examine the importance and role of Sistan and Baluchestan Science and Technology Park in this regard. In order to collect data, snowball interviews with experts and technicians have been used. The population of this research includes officials, managers and experts in the field of science and technology of Sistan and Baluchestan province who are working in the science and technology park and the growth unit of this park. In this regard, 20 officials in the relevant field were interviewed. The results show the positive impact of technology on employment, education, turning ideas into business, self-esteem and self-efficacy of rural women. In addition to the positive effects, a number of individual, knowledge-skills, socio-cultural, managerial, legal-legal barriers to the employment of rural women were identified. Active participation of women, reform of community attitudes and development of government support were suggested.

Establishing science and technology parks (STPs) and Incubators has had a considerable acceleration in the world because of their key role and functions of developing innovation and technological infrastructures in all countries. In this paper the authors try to conduct an appropriate survey on STPs and incubators’ literature and definitions and their functions from various perspectives. By concluding research findings in this field, advantages and effects of STPs on innovation and technology could be realized from two perspectives: Organizational one covering quick establishing of knowledge-base firms, commercialization of technological ideas and ease in absorbing capital and financing tools, and regional and national one like continuous relationships between universities and industries, creating job opportunities for local experts, transferring functional technologies and improvement of business environments and entrepreneurship.

Science and Technology parks (STPs) and Technology Business Incubators (TBIs) are globally considered as effective centers to achieve development goals and promotion of R&D plans. These centers not only bridge the gap between universities and industry, but also facilitate the transfer of technology and knowledge by employing alumni population and accelerate the movement towards knowledge-based economic growth. On the other hand, the possibility of international communication between STPs and TBIs provides a favorable situation for scientific & technological cooperation between them and other similar centers and technology companies. Therefore, providing a comprehensive national picture of the overall situation of the STPs and TBIs in line with the policy making of technology in Islamic Republic of IRAN is important. According to the data collected until the end of July 2018, there are currently 36 STP and 83 TBI under non-STP organizations across five national regions. In this paper, the data collection was carried out via a questionnaire in partnership with the Rooyesh ICT Incubator and the Ministry of Science, research and Technology (MSRT). This study, tries to analyze various aspects of the situation of STPs and TBIs in Iran based on the qualitative standards of the reports published by International Association of Science Parks and Areas of Innovation (IASP).