Aim: The world has recently faced COVID-19 pandemic. Phobia or panic has been considered as one of the most common mental disorders during various infectious pandemics. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Covid-19 phobic scale in an Iranian population. Methods: The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional correlational research which was performed on 402 Iranian participants in Tehran (191 females, 211 males). The participants were selected through convenience sampling method by an online survey form. They completed a battery of scales, including the Corona Anxiety Scale (CDAS), the Corona Phobia Scale (C19P-S) and the Corona Virus Anxiety Scale by online Google Form. The data were analyzed using SPSS-25 and LISREL software with descriptive statistics, Cronbach's alpha, Pearson correlation coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis to describe the data, internal consistency, validity, and construct validity, respectively. Results: The results showed that Cronbach's alpha method's internal consistency for the Corona phobia scale was 0. 91. Cronbach's alpha was reported for psychological, psychosomatic, economic, and social subscales repeated 0. 85, 0. 83, 0. 79 and 0. 8, respectively. In order to evaluate the validity, the correlation between the C19PS questionnaire and its subscales with CDAS and Corona Virus Anxiety Scale was evaluated. The results showed that all correlations were positive and significant (P-value <0. 05). The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results showed that the four-factor model has a good fit. Conclusion: COVID-19 Phobia Scale can be used to assess levels of panic in therapeutic settings and identify candidates in need of clinical intervention.

Objective (s): Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination could be influenced by attitude towards the vaccine. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the validity and reliability of adult attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: First, an item pool was generated by reviewing existing resources. Then content and face validity was examined. In the next stage, the structural validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) of the questionnaire was examined in two distinct samples among 505 Iranian adults. Finally, the attitude was assessed among two samples. The internal consistency of the instrument was estimated by calculating Cronbach's alpha. Results: The initial questionnaire consisted of 38 items that after examining the content and face validity, a number of items was removed and corrections were applied to the remaining items. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed a three factor solution (emphasis on the need for corona vaccine, no need for corona vaccine and emphasis on the side effects of corona vaccine) including 13 items that jointly explained about 52% of variance observed. Similarly, the results obtained from confirmatory factor analysis indicate a good fit for the data. The fit indexes were as follows: (X2/df =2. 15, GFI=0. 91, CFI=0. 95, NFI=0. 91, NNFI=0. 94, SRMR=0. 068, RMSEA=0. 076). The reliability of the questionnaire as assessed by the Cronbach’ s alpha was 0. 853 for the scale and ranged from 0. 68-0. 74 for its dimensions. Finally, the mean attitude score of the participants was 64. 1 out of 100 points. Conclusion: Considering the validity and reliability of the attitude assessment questionnaire regarding the COVID-19 vaccination in adults, this questionnaire could be used for measuring attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination.

academic persistence indicates the continuity and behavioral commitment to education and learning that the existence of such a tool was needed in the country. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the psychometric properties of the academic persistence scale. This research is a type of descriptive research that examines the characteristics of psychometrics with a practical purpose. The statistical population of the research consisted of all the students of the first secondary school in Qom city who were studying in the academic year of 1400-1401. A number of 355 students were included in the sample using a multi-stage cluster random method and completed the academic persistence questionnaire of Talib et al. (2018). After collecting the data, they were analyzed using SPSS22 and AMOS22 statistical software and exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis. The results showed that the extracted factor explains 79.93% of the variable of academic persistence. Also, the reliability of the tool was equal to 0.994 using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and 0.989 for the first half and 0.988 for the second half using the two halves method. According to the results of exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis, the Persian version of the academic persistence questionnaire is considered an efficient tool.

The Covid 19 virus pandemic (Corona) has not only affected public health, but has caused a major recession in the world. In addition to the consequences of the Corona virus, the Iranian economy is also facing the pressure of sanctions and is experiencing these two factors simultaneously. More importantly, businesses have not been immune to the virus. Kermanshah province with high unemployment is at risk of damage to rural businesses. Therefore, the present study seeks to provide a model for the revitalization of small and medium-sized rural businesses affected by the Covid 19 crisis, which has been conducted in rural businesses in Kermanshah province. Experts of the Jihad Agricultural Organization of the province and professors of Razi University have formed the statistical population of this study who were selected by purposive sampling and snowball method. Semi-structured interview method was used to collect research data in the qualitative part and survey method was used in the quantitative part. The data collection process continued until the theoretical saturation of the available information Qualitative analysis of the data was performed by Max Kyoda software and by analyzing 15 interviews, a total of 45 codes were identified. The data were analyzed in four main categories: financial - facility, service - support, business empowerment and market summary. The two factors of finance - facilities and services - support empower the business, and this in turn can be a factor in creating decisions with a focus on customer, market and marketing. In the quantitative part, the results of Friedman prioritization test showed that for the rehabilitation of damaged rural units in Kermanshah province, respectively, financial-facility factors (3.43), empowerment- resilience (2.73), support-services (2.40) and market factors (1.43) had a higher priority.

At the end of December 2019, a new disease of unknown etiology appeared in Wuhan. It was quickly identified as a new betacoronavirus related to SARS-CoV and several other bat-like SARS-like coronaviruses. This virus originated from bats and was transmitted to humans through an intermediary animal in Wuhan, Hubei Province. The virus rapidly spread to all provinces in China and some countries overseas. The Director General of the World Health Organization declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020. The disease is transmitted through inhalation or contact with infected droplets, and the incubation period is between 2 and 14 days. Symptoms are usually fever, cough, sore throat, shortness of breath, fatigue, lethargy, etc. This article describes the sudden outbreak and known properties of the newly emerging virus, SARSCoV-2. Moreover, the resulting clinical disease, COVID-19, comments on essential gaps in our knowledge of the virus and its causes.