Today, with the public availability and developments of  artificial intelligence and its utility in everyday life of human beings, chemistry teachers, like other professional users in various jobs, attempt to explore and apply it in their profession In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to get acquainted with the capabilities and shortcomings of two artificial intelligence robots, Bard and ChatGPT (two of the most common and publicly available chat bots); Therefore, this study investigates the feasibility and the most effective strategies for using the mentioned chatbots in the field of Inorganic chemistry. In this qualitative-analytical study,  ChatGPT-3.5, and Bard have been used to investigate and evaluate the ability to answer questions in the field of chemistry The answers produced by these two smart robots have been used in the field of teaching the shape of molecules, symmetry, calculating lattice energy, checking the Born Mayer equation, and predicting the structure of spinels. Moreover, different learning levels such as knowledge, application and problem solving in terms of the quality and accuracy of the answer, as well as the use of different media in providing the answers were compared and analyzed.

Purpose: Considering the increasing development of new technologies, including artificial intelligence, the purpose of this research is to identify the opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence in knowledge management based on the Hicks' four-stage model.Methodology: This research in terms of practical purpose, in terms of research method and descriptive analytical data collection is of a survey type, In terms of the basis of the type of data collected, it is of a quantitative type and uses the tool of a questionnaire to identify and prioritize the opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence in Knowledge management. The experts of this study are 15 experts in artificial intelligence, computer and knowledge management. The research sampling method is judgmental and the samples were selected based on expertise and the research criteria were extracted from the review of internal and external studies in the field of artificial intelligence and knowledge management. The current research was carried out in three stages. In the first stage, the indicators of opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence in knowledge management were obtained through literature review and interviews with experts and were modeled based on the Hicks'knowledge management model. Then, in the next step, these criteria were screened using the fuzzy Delphi method. Finally, the chatbots studied in the research were prioritized through the most key indicators using the gray relationship analysis method.Findings:It seems that the research findings indicate that artificial intelligence presents both opportunities and challenges in the realm of knowledge management. The study identified fifteen indicators related to opportunities, including four indicators in knowledge creation, three in knowledge sharing, five in knowledge reserve and retrieval, and three in knowledge use. On the other hand, fourteen indicators were identified as challenges, including three indicators in knowledge creation, three in knowledge sharing, three in knowledge reserves and retrieval, and five in knowledge application. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it was determined that both in the category of opportunities and in the category of challenges, Chat Bard was ranked first, and with a small difference, Chat GPT was ranked second, and then Chat Bing was ranked third, so that It can be said that among chatbots in the knowledge management process, chat bard can be the best option to use.However, in the opportunities category, the first rank indicates that there are more opportunities and benefits compared to the other two ranks. Similarly, in the challenges category, the first rank represents more challenges and issues compared to the other two ranks.

With the emergence of new technologies, the use of artificial intelligence tools in the research process has intensified. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the fraud triangle on the tendency to commit research fraud when using GPT chat in accounting students and graduates. Scientific and literary fraud has harmful effects that distort the professional dignity of the scientific community and will doubt the trust in the findings. This research is practical in terms of its purpose, and its community consists of accounting students and graduates of different universities in the country. For this purpose, by obtaining the opinion of 182 people from the target society in the country by convenience samplingin 2023, this issue was investigated. To examine the findings, the effect of the dimensions of the cheating triangle, including motivation, opportunity, and justification, on the tendency to commit research fraud when using GPT chat in accounting students and graduates was tested by partial least squares technique and structural equations in PLS software. The findings of the research showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of the cheating triangle, including motivation, opportunity, and justification, on the tendency to commit research fraud when using GPT chat in accounting students and graduates and the tendency to commit research fraud when using GPT chat in accounting students and graduates, the intensity of which is 70%. The general finding of this research indicates the need to pay more attention to the category of tendency to cheat and plagiarism in accounting studies so that a better environment can be created in line with the better use of artificial intelligence.

Chatbots are a modern manifestation of artificial intelligence that are now placed for public interaction and conversation with individuals. They can engage in a two-way interaction with a user, responding to their questions and even offering suggestions. This system is based on the capabilities arising from the development of artificial intelligence and is continuously advancing. Among these, the legal issue concerns whether chatbots are responsible for what they respondand whether what they provide is their intellectual property. Essentially, can personalities be attributed to chatbots? The present article finally concludes, with the analytical-descriptive approach, that chatbots may potentially possess a degree of personality in the future, but in current circumstances, the effects and content provided by chatbots are attributed to their owners and creators. Although their development and the reinforcement of chatbots' autonomy can pose numerous challenges to classical legal theories.

The traditional education system faces many problems, including overcrowded classes, lack of attention to students, different learning speeds and styles, and trying to keep up with the rapid evolution of technology and information. As the educational landscape changes over time, the emergence of AI-based chatbots appears as a promising solution to some of the emerging issues in education. Some educational institutions are increasingly turning to AI-based chatbots, while others are more cautious and in no rush to adopt modern learning environments (1).

Patent has been always noteworthy for world Intellectual Property Organization as the most important tool in supporting inventors. So several efforts have been done to altering this issue to universal act, by creating an international patent system like Paris and Trips convention. Patent cooperation treaty is a beginning for deep unification between different countries by mission of make uniform procedural patent law. In this debate this the question is raised: Hase PCT system been succeed to assimilate procedural patent law? is it mainly possible to create a worldwide patent system, excluding different national and regional patent laws? This research surveys the level of acceptance of PCT results in different national and regional patent systems, Using descriptive-analytical method. The results show that patent offices can apply Work-sharing process by creating reformations in PCT and creating legislations to increasing trust to the search results of different some patent offices.

The issue of nuclear technology has long influenced relations between western governments-especially USA-and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Today, the nuclear technology has become the main challenge between the two countries with USA claiming that it only wants to prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons. Donald Trump on May 8, 2018, withdrew from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), increasing the pressure on Iran through continued threats and raising sanctions. This study aims to analyze the cause of US’ s inimical policy towards Iran and the reason for the escalation of hostility between the two countries. The question which is posed is whether what the United states really worries about is Iran’ s probable violation of NPT Or there is another more important reason, namely, the Islamic Republic of Iran’ s foreign policy in middle east which confronts the USA’ s grand strategy towards offshore balancing in Persian Gulf. It is hypothesized that what really concerns USA and causes its hostility towards Iran, is not Iran’ s probable violation of NPT, but is related to the changes in its approach to offshore balancing in Persian Gulf. . This study attempts to answer the aforementioned questions by utilizing a Phenomenological (historical & comparative) approach based on library resources.