Purpose: Considering the increasing development of new technologies, including artificial intelligence, the purpose of this research is to identify the opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence in knowledge management based on the Hicks' four-stage model.Methodology: This research in terms of practical purpose, in terms of research method and descriptive analytical data collection is of a survey type, In terms of the basis of the type of data collected, it is of a quantitative type and uses the tool of a questionnaire to identify and prioritize the opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence in Knowledge management. The experts of this study are 15 experts in artificial intelligence, computer and knowledge management. The research sampling method is judgmental and the samples were selected based on expertise and the research criteria were extracted from the review of internal and external studies in the field of artificial intelligence and knowledge management. The current research was carried out in three stages. In the first stage, the indicators of opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence in knowledge management were obtained through literature review and interviews with experts and were modeled based on the Hicks'knowledge management model. Then, in the next step, these criteria were screened using the fuzzy Delphi method. Finally, the chatbots studied in the research were prioritized through the most key indicators using the gray relationship analysis method.Findings:It seems that the research findings indicate that artificial intelligence presents both opportunities and challenges in the realm of knowledge management. The study identified fifteen indicators related to opportunities, including four indicators in knowledge creation, three in knowledge sharing, five in knowledge reserve and retrieval, and three in knowledge use. On the other hand, fourteen indicators were identified as challenges, including three indicators in knowledge creation, three in knowledge sharing, three in knowledge reserves and retrieval, and five in knowledge application. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the research, it was determined that both in the category of opportunities and in the category of challenges, Chat Bard was ranked first, and with a small difference, Chat GPT was ranked second, and then Chat Bing was ranked third, so that It can be said that among chatbots in the knowledge management process, chat bard can be the best option to use.However, in the opportunities category, the first rank indicates that there are more opportunities and benefits compared to the other two ranks. Similarly, in the challenges category, the first rank represents more challenges and issues compared to the other two ranks.

Patent has been always noteworthy for world Intellectual Property Organization as the most important tool in supporting inventors. So several efforts have been done to altering this issue to universal act, by creating an international patent system like Paris and Trips convention. Patent cooperation treaty is a beginning for deep unification between different countries by mission of make uniform procedural patent law. In this debate this the question is raised: Hase PCT system been succeed to assimilate procedural patent law? is it mainly possible to create a worldwide patent system, excluding different national and regional patent laws? This research surveys the level of acceptance of PCT results in different national and regional patent systems, Using descriptive-analytical method. The results show that patent offices can apply Work-sharing process by creating reformations in PCT and creating legislations to increasing trust to the search results of different some patent offices.

2Artificial intelligence tools such as GBT Chat have sparked many discussions among academics; While some see them as a useful tool to speed up research and others see it as a threat to the integrity of authorship. Like it or not, large language models (LLM) are taking over the scientific literature in both good and bad ways. These irreplaceable free tools to use are and will be a reality, and it's up to us how we accept them and work with them. The biggest concern today in using artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT is the lack of accuracy and the presentation of false information in such a way that the text may seem acceptable at first, but upon closer examination, it can be found that it contains false information; In addition, when the article is sent to a journal, the editors and reviewers will not have time to check the correctness of the article phrase by phrase and reference by reference. If scientific articles written with artificial intelligence tools are not properly reviewed, there is a high risk of providing false information; Especially among writers who do not specialize in this topic. Misuse of AI is a problem that can be solved by adjusting training methods. It is very important to develop curricula and educate university students about the ethical concepts of artificial intelligence, as well as train experts in the field of ethical issues of artificial intelligence to solve this problem. With the advancement of artificial intelligence, educational methods should be adjusted to combat abuse, and ethical considerations and responsibility in the use of this tool should be prioritized. We need to educate researchers about the pros and cons of this growing technology and focus on writing scientific papers that show the pros and cons of using them. Also, in order to combat the misuse of artificial intelligence, we need to involve all policymakers and users in a joint effort to create ethical frameworks and guidelines. In this context, we must create a multidisciplinary approach that involves experts in the fields of health information management, health policymaking, medical journalism, medical education, and ethicists in the development of curricula. Only through a joint effort can we ensure the responsible use of AI technology. By educating university students on ethical considerations and responsibility in the use of artificial intelligence tools such as ChatGPT, developing relevant curricula and providing guidelines on the correct use approach, we hope to provide an environment so that such tools do not become a tool of false information and with Human expertise and judgment should be used.

The issue of nuclear technology has long influenced relations between western governments-especially USA-and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Today, the nuclear technology has become the main challenge between the two countries with USA claiming that it only wants to prevent Iran from developing nuclear weapons. Donald Trump on May 8, 2018, withdrew from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), increasing the pressure on Iran through continued threats and raising sanctions. This study aims to analyze the cause of US’ s inimical policy towards Iran and the reason for the escalation of hostility between the two countries. The question which is posed is whether what the United states really worries about is Iran’ s probable violation of NPT Or there is another more important reason, namely, the Islamic Republic of Iran’ s foreign policy in middle east which confronts the USA’ s grand strategy towards offshore balancing in Persian Gulf. It is hypothesized that what really concerns USA and causes its hostility towards Iran, is not Iran’ s probable violation of NPT, but is related to the changes in its approach to offshore balancing in Persian Gulf. . This study attempts to answer the aforementioned questions by utilizing a Phenomenological (historical & comparative) approach based on library resources.

Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM) is among the most important machines for tunnel excavation purposes. Evaluation of the performance of these machines for excavation is of special importance due to the high cost of these machines. Prediction of the penetration rate is one of the indicators in evaluation of TBMs. There are various methods and equations for predicting the penetration rate, which are based on parameters related to the rock mass and specifications of the machine, and each of them has its own particular characteristics. Multivariable linear regressions, artificial neural networks, and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems are among the highly efficient modeling and data pattern recognition methods. In this research, some equations have been proposed for predicting the penetration rate in Zagros I Tunnel by employing multivariable linear regression method and by considering the key parameters of the rock mass and the specifications of the TBM; the best equation was selected according to the results of statistical analysis. For verifying the validity of this equation, the penetration rate was calculated at certain parts of Ghomrood Tunnel. In comparison with the real values and results of other models, the outcomes of calculations indicated that predicted values for the penetration rate are of acceptable accuracy.

The main purpose of the present article is to examine "IPTV" and "Internet TV" in Iran and the world, and the technologies of delivering film and video in Iranian cyberspace. The research method used in this study is documentary and Internet-based. As for IPTV, the study uses research reports belonging to the International Telecommunications Union, and for Internet TV and technologies of distributing videos and films in Iranian cyberspace, the study, using purposeful sampling technique, analyzes 7 web sites, i.e. YouTube, Google Video, Kalam TV, Khedmat TV, Ghalam Sima, Mojesevom and Razavi TV, as the main technologies of distributing video and film in Iranian cyberspace.Using the main websites of these Internet channels, the article attempts to closely examine their functions and features. Based on this study, it seems that the IRIB, as a national media, should observe Internet channels closely and consider the new needs of cyberspace audience and consequently make the required plans in this regard.