Throughout the cold war the Caspian Sea was part of the Soviet Union’s overall security zone. Moscow attached so much importance to this zone that it totally ignored its southern Caspian neighbor, Iran, when it came to dividing and using the landlocked sea’s surface and bed. The central Soviet government strictly supervised the oil exploration and decided on the share of each of the three remaining states that made up its political and security sovereignty zone. The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the end of the cold war, however, re-defined power’s sole in international relations replacing geostrategic factors with geo-economic ones. That is why the world powers have now shifted their focus on getting access to energy resources. Lying between the Persian gulf and the Caspian Sea where 75 percent of the earth’s energy resources lie Iran enjoys a sensitive strategic and geopolitical situation which has tied its security to that of the region and the rest of the world. It therefore feels relatively immune from the superpowers’ security harassment knowing that its stability cannot be threatened seriously by others. At present the main hurdle for the exploration of the Caspian oil and gas resources is the lack of consensus among the now five states rimming the disputed body of water and the absence of a legal regime. This research attempts to clarify the geo-political situation of the Caspian Sea and how its new geopolitics play a role in the establishment of a legal regime. The global developments in the 21 st century are rapidly replacing the geo-strategic concepts and applications by their geo-economic counterparts prompting us to expound on the Caspian Sea region’s geo-strategic and geo-political features in the first place and then its legal regime.

In a nutshell, the geopolitical implications of the September 11th events have appeared in two totally opposite directions: first, highlighting of the theoretical and objective aspects of the category of 'boundary' from a geoeconomical point of view, and second diminishing of such dimensions from a geostrategic perspective. These two geopolitical aspects, which like a two-faced Janus have opened new areas of study for the scholars and researchers of the field of geopolitics and political geography have brought about significant repercussions in the Middle East region. Generally speaking, these paradoxical implications have emerged in five geopolitical, territorial, demographic-ethnic, military-security, political-governmental, and geoeconomical dimensions within the context of the Greater Middle East Initiative. This article mainly argues that geopolitical developments occurring in the region arises from the change in the outlook of the international system towards the Middle East and refers to the principal core of the new international system, that is the security of the international system.

Without any doubt geographical factors play an important role in the political processes, affecting power as a basis of politics, The political processes that are manifested in different forms of policy- making change the geographical landscape of the globe, From theoretical point of view there is a complicated interactive relationship between geographical factors and political phenomena, constituting the subject matter of political geography and geopolitics. The present paper is an attempt to elucidate the concept of geopolitics and analyze. the nature, structure and functions of global geopolitical system and introduce it as a scientific theory, The new geopolitical regions in the post cold war era in Southwest Asia can be studied within this framework. Among the sub-regions of Southwest Asia, the Middle East has drawn the attention of the international system and also enjoys a high status in the international system. Hence in the present paper the status of the Middle East in the third millennium has been studied.

Persian Gulf has always been concerned due to its geo-economic and geo-strategic position. Increasing the consumption of world energy simultaneously faced with decreasing of oil reserves in other parts of world let to the importance of Persian Gulf as a major center for world energy demand. Energy has a direct impact on the economic growth, welfare and national security of all countries and the U.S.A. as a big consumer of world energy will be influenced by all changes due to supplying of it. From this point of view, accessing to a safe and continuous energy supply will be vital to the interests of the W.S.A. government.On the other hand, the role of energy is not ignorable in the structure of security of Persian Gulf. Oil plays a major role in the political stability, welfare and finally the maintenance of Persian Gulf countries.While security has a basic and major role for Producers and consumers of energy, especially the U.S. government, the article attempts to analyze the relationship between energy and security in the Persian Gulf region. Its aim is to present a pattern for participated security for benefits of all Persian Gulf countries regarding present facts.

Nowadays rote and position of each country for achieving to national interest in international scenes depend to world geopolitical strategies and the other hand national security of each country has near communication to national power and geopolitical and threat of that country. In this base geopolitical strategies has effected to national security of country changing of American geopolitical strategies after disputation of geopolitical balance during of cold war had very counseqenced in world and regional scenes especially in the Middle East that Iran is in the center and exile of it. This changing caused series argument about of national security of Iran. Especially that the U.S.A in age after cold war for put the middle East as perfect own geostrategy and direction adopted this geoeconomic with own geostrategy areas and to follow composed peaceful in the boarder of north , west , and south of new heartowd that form . This changing had made this question that what relation has between changing of U.S.A geopolitical strategies and national security of Iran? What is the deafened strategy with probably threats of national security of Iran? This article supply to finding for answering to questions.

From the first days of its establishment, Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), as an economic integration comprising 10 developing countries located in a region of geo-economic and geo-strategic importance, with considerable population and market size, significant reservoirs of oil and gas and profuse raw materials has been of interest of international and regional experts and scholars. However, the interests have recently been of more critical nature; to the extent that some scholars contend that it is now a failed organization or has been transformed to a mere forum. The present article investigates the main arguments of the critics and provides some counter-arguments. It also introduces a few specific indicators more suitable for reviewing the Organization's performance. Utilizing these indicators, ECO's achievements and failures are reviewed in the second section of the article. As a result of the said review, last section of the article has been devoted to the presentation of some recommendation for strengthening, enhancement and expedition of achieving of the Organization to its main goals and objectives.

Privatization and liberty of economic activities in commercial, investment and overseas transactions along with development of technology are the initial stages prior to globalization. Reviewing the geo-economic changes in the recent century, we can identify technology development in energy, transportation and communication as an important source of development in world economy. In this regard, economic security could be identified as the main objective in the process of globalization. In this paper, after presenting the theoretical and practical aspect of subject, economic security will be demonstrated based on a conceptual model. Then the developed model will be applied to 117 countries using international information of WDI databank from 1980 to 2002. The estimation of economic security criteria is the main result of this paper which could be applied in analyzing both geo-economic changes in world economy and economic security in Iran in comparison to other countries. As conclusion, this paper presents some political recommendations for improvement of economic security criteria in Iran.