Due to the social nature of man, urban spaces such as squares are considered to be the most important manifestations of social nodes in urban life. While these squares take historical forms, they have such special place and time significance that cognitive documentation of this phenomenon as a major pillar of urban spaces can be used to qualitatively identify squares and public realms that are the foundation of social interaction. In order to have the knowledge of their morphological evaluation to express design principles, consulting with urban design experts is a must. The traditional evaluation of the urban square, due to its specific qualitative dimensions, was considered as a qualitative judgment which often had a high error rate in the survey, so the majority of the studies, generally, are qualitative and based on pure analysis. The purpose of the current research is the phenomenological recognition and qualitative analysis of urban space. Using a combination of several methods, first, the field element in the quality recognition matrix and the six Wolfrum criteria as well as sixteen urban squares were selected from the European cities, In the first stAge, by means of Human Subjective Evaluation and Normalized AccumulatedQuality Graph Output, the numerical value was accumulated and then analyzed using the Automatic Geography Evaluation method. Finally, examining the correlation of these two methods led to the qualitative measurement of these urban elements. First, the selected ones were evaluated through HSE method analysis and NAQ extraction primary evaluation about human approach oriented was done. Second, using the Age method in the analysis, the researchers evaluated the next step of that up to geometrical automotive and correlation between them. The results of the present study showed that this urban element had many dimensions to be quantitatively extracted. Last, all of the models for evaluation of square qualities in this study are considered the primary step to help the researchers have a functional standard draft while designing.

2Background and Aim:  Children under five years are susceptible to being infected by Acute gastroenteritis (Age) pathogens. Therefore, the main objective of the present research is to study the epidemiology and the etiology of Age among children in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods:  In this retrospective study, multiplex PCR was used to detect the gastroenteric viruses, including RoVA (Rotavirus A), NoVGI (Norovirus Group I), NoVGII (Norovirus Group II), HAstV (Human Astrovirus), EAdV (Enteric Adenovirus), and HEV (Human Enterovirus) in 92 stool samples collected from pediatric children Aged ≤7 admitted to hospitals in Al-Ahsa province in Saudi Arabia, during December 2021 to June 2022. Results:  Out of the 92 samples tested, 63 (68. 4%) showed positive results, indicating the presence of at least one gastroenteric virus infection. RoV group A was the most detected virus at 54%, followed by HAstV at 27%, EAdV at 22. 2%, NoVGI at 9. 5%, and HEV at 6. 3%. Gastroenteric virus mono-infection was much higher than co-infection, at 79. 3%. Children in the Age group (1Y-2Y) were the most infected with viral Age at 41. 3% compared with other groups. Male children were more infected than females at 38%. The main viral Age symptoms revealed in all positive children were diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and fever, with rates of 100%, 95. 2%, 92. 1%, and 81%, respectively. Conclusion:  Results demonstrated that the prevalence of gastroenteric infections among children is relevant and should be considered by the national health authority. This study is the first work conducted in the province of Al-Ahsa in Saudi Arabia. It could improve epidemiological and etiological data on children's Age in the province

Introduction: For evidence based decision-making and designing more accurate health system planes for effective prevention on drug dependency, incidence rate and time trend of number of new cases are necessary. This survey was conducted based on data of Kerman drug detoxification Agencies in order to determine the time trend of incidence rate of opioid dependency and the effects of various factors on lag time (the time between onset of substance use and first treatment request). Method: In this retrospective cohort study, 4309 opioid users visiting Kerman Welfare Organization between 1997 and 2004 were analyzed. Subgroups were shaped according to the first year of consumption. Estimated incidence of addiction was determined by using backward calculation method. The Effect of various factors on lag time was calculated by multivariable regression method. Results: Relative incidence of addiction between 1997 and 1999 was increased by 70% annually, followed by a slightly decrease to 540 persons in 2000. The minimum estimated number was seen in 2003 (400 cases) and it peaked to the maximum in the next year (1145 cases). The averAge of lag time was 7.98±6.47 years with median 6 years. The lag time of opium users was 7.81±6.48 and for opium syrup – a liquid prepared from the ashes of smoked opium – users was 8.32±6.17 years (p=0.001). Individuals who have consumed both opium and opium syrup simultaneously, had a more lag (p=0.0001). Men with lag time of 8.1±6.41 years, had a significant longer lag time than women (7.05± 6.78 years).In compare with cases with 20-30 Ages (7.86±6.38 years) and cases older than 30 years (7.7±6.44 years), the lag time for persons less than 20 years old (8.62± 6.68 years) was significantly more (p=0.0001). The lag time for illiterates (10.73±7.59 years) was more than cases with academic education (7.87±7.27 years). The lag time for married persons (8.87±6.8 years) was significantly more than singles (4.9±3.76 years). Conclusion: Time trend of addiction can be divided into two parts in recent years. First part is from 1997 to 1999; in this period the number of new cases of addiction increased but from 2000 to 2002 it is fairly constant. Some factors such as being women, younger, more literate, single and simply opium users have a negative correlation with lag time.

Age structure of the Caspian Sea anchovy kilka, Clupeonella engrauliformis, was estimated for the first time by back-calculation methods. Otolith growth and the rate of increment in anchovy kilka were examined to determine whether otoliths could be used to back calculate body sizes at various life stAges. Sampling was carried out on commercial fishing vessels board along the Iranian coast in 2007. The Age structure of the samples ranged from 2 to 7 years old which was dominated by the third year class (38.6%). The largest fish measured was 137.2mm fork length. The relationship between fork length (FL) and otolith radius (OR) was described by the following equation: FL=13.77+ 82.78*OR (r2=0.92). Three proportional back-calculation methods, Fraser-Lee, Whitney & Carlander and Dahl-Lea models, were compared by using data sets of anchovy kilka otoliths, and we validated back calculation by comparing them with observed lengths. Back calculated lengths generally corresponded well with observed lengths in anchovy kilka Age classes. Variance of the back calculated length data obtained from three models indicated no significant difference (P>0.05).

This study presents data on Age structure, sex ratio, growth, length-weight relationships and condition factor of four populations (n=312) of two Alburnoides species, collected in 2005 and 2006 from the Tajan River (Caspian Sea Basin), the Ghara-Chai and Jajrud rivers (Namak Lake Basin), and Cheshmeh-Ali Spring (Kavir Basin) of Iran. Sex ratio of the fish, in the studied localities, except in Jajrud River, was not significantly deviated from the equal sex ratio. The female fish had higher weight, length and condition factor compared to the male fish. The growth pattern of the female fish in Cheshmeh-Ali Spring was isometric, but allometric in other localities. The growth pattern of all male fish, except the ones from Jajrud River, was allometric. The Age groups were 0+-5+. The prevailing Age groups were 0+, 1+, 2+, and 3+, in Jajrud River, Ghara-Chai River, Tajan River, and Cheshmeh-Ali Spring, respectively. Fish in Jajrud River had higher overall growth performance and K-values, compared to the other populations.

The dynamic Systems behaviours are investigating using the fourier tansform of data, the puankaveh surfaces, Iyapunov exponents calculations and attractor diemsion Study in phazzy space.At the among of mentioned methods, the Iyapunov exponents calculations are suitable method Contrary to the Iyapunov exponents calculations for the existing equation of the behavioures of the systems, the using of the mentioned method for the laboratory investigations is very difficult. In this work, the Iynpunov exponent calculation estimated using Eckmonn method.

Background: The non-enzymatic glycosylation (NEG) of proteins in diabetes damAges both the structure and function of these proteins. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that NEG of proteins and advanced glycosylation end-products (Age) contribute to the pathogenesis of both macrovascular, such as atherosclerosis, and microvascular complications, such as retinopathy and nephropathy, in diabetes. Methods: We studied the electrophoretic mobility, fluorescence at isoelectric pH, and time-dependent Age formation of glycosylated albumin. For the first time, we have used isoelectric focusing to study serum glycosylated albumin in diabetic patients and healthy controls. Results: After 10 weeks incubation with glucose, the electrophoretic mobility of glycosylated albumin increased 21.3% compared with normal albumin. The isoelectric pH of albumin decreased from 4.6 on day 1 to 4.1 on day 7. The increase in electrophoretic mobility was accompanied by the drop in pH during the first week of incubation. These changes correlated well with those observed by fluorescence. The glucose content of the albumin samples decreased during the first week of incubation, but gradually increased thereafter. Fluorescence readings agreed with these observations. Using isoelectric focusing, there was a significant difference between the serum albumin of diabetic and normal individuals (p<0.001). Conclusion: Increased electrophoretic mobility during the first week with a simultaneous decline in isoelectric pH shows that Age formation begins after the first week. The reduction in glucose concentration during the first week and its subsequent increase during the second week may be attributed to the formation and hydrolysis of Age. This method may be used to determine the stability or progress of diabetes.