Four - weeks plants of two cultivars of Rice (resistant & susceptible) were inoculated with four isolates of Bipolaris spicifera. Plant were treated under three illuminance (0, 400 and 14000 Luxs) regins, one week befor inoculation. The analysis of variance for lesion length showed that the effects of cultivars, illuminance and cultivars x illuminance were significant, but were not significant for the isolate x cultivar interactions. Lesion length and lesion No. per leaf decreased with increasing illuminance. Also, the combinations show significatnt inverse correlation between disease severity and foliar carbohydrates at inoculation time.

New Page 1 The present work was conducted to study identification and distribution of the causal agent of corn leaf blight during 1991-1993 in northern provinces of Iran. Many samples were taken during the cropping seasons from seedling to ear stages. Several pathogens were isolated from diseased plants. Disease symptoms consisted of lesions and spots on leaves resulting yield and quality reduction. Based on laboratory and greenhouse studies the causal agents of corn leaf blight were idenetified as follows: Bipolaris zeieola (Stout) Shoem. Bipolaris maydis (Nisikado & Miyake) Shoem. Bipolaris sp. Bipolaris spicifera (Bainier) Subram. Curvularia cf. verrueulosa (Tsuda & ueyama) Sivan. Among above fungi B. maydis was widely distributed, but B. spieifera was limited in its incidence. The pathogenicity of the isolates were proved on maize plants under greenhouse conditions and the pathogen were reisolated from infected tissues.

In this study, thyme essensial oil was extracted by water distillation method and was analysed by GS/MS, then we investigated the antifungal effect of this essential oil on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri. (A), Macrophomina phaseolina (B), Bipolaris spicifera (C) on the basis of agar dilution method with different concentrations (200, 400, 800 and 1600) The test was carried out with factorial experiment based on the random complete block design with triplicate. 1- The major compuonds of thyme essensial oil were found to be Terpinen (4.65%), Cymene (12.16%), Thymol (19.8%), Linallol (4%), and Caryophyllene (4.07%). 2- Analysis of data with LSD (?=1%) showed that inhibitory percentage between fungi was different. After 48 hours results showed no significant difference between the growth of fungi at 800 and 1600 ppm and also between water and alcohol controls, but differences between 200 and 400 ppm were significant. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of A and C fungi was observed in 400 ppm, where as it was 800 ppm in the case of B fungy. Concentrations of 800 and 1600 ppm were 100% inhibitor about all the fungi. After 72 hours investigation showed the similar results to the period of 48 hours growth time. The concentration of 400 ppm was inhibitor on A and C Fungi completely after 72 hours, but the minimum inhibitory concentration for B fungy was increased to 1600 ppm. After 3 days, 1600 ppm treatment was completely inhibitor for all fungi. After 7 days, it was found out that 800 & 1600 ppm on A fungy, 1600 ppm on B fungy and 400 ppm, 800 ppm, 1600 ppm on C fungy was inhibitor completely. 3- Investigation on thyme fungicidal effect showed that concentration of 1600 ppm was fungicide on B and C fungi but other concentrations have fungistatic property. The results of our studies revealed that the thyme essensial oil exhibited a significant antifungal activity. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) belongs to Labiateae family. It is an important medicinal plant. The antifungal and antibacterial activity of this essential oil has been reported.Thyme antifungal activity is due to the persence of thymol that is the major compound of this essential oil.

We present a case of allergic fungal sinusitis (AFB) in a 20-year old man with few months' history of bilateral nasal obstruction and discharge with unilateral proptosis that underwent maxillary antrostomy due to the mass in paranasal sinuses. Histological examination of tissue showed branching fungal hyphae interspersed with allergic mucin without fungal invasion to soft tissue. The patient received local steroid for 4 months and had no problem during follow up. Fungal culture was performed and Bipolaris fungus grew. Although most dematiaceous fungal infections occur in immunocompetent patients, the incorrect diagnosis and insufficient treatment may be life threatening.

The brown spot disease is one of the seed-borne diseases of rice, found in the all stages of its growth fi"om nursery to farm. It causes qualitative and quantitative damage on rice. Therefore, some studies carried out on the different aspects of this disease and the reaction of some cultivars of rice against the pathogenic fungous agent of the diseases. To do so, 120 isolates, isolated trom plant samples were collected trom the 91 paddy fields in Guilan. To isolate the pathogenic fungous agent of the disease, the collected samples were cultured on PDA and filter paper. According to the results, the present isolation related to Bipolaris with the 3 species: -Bipolaris oryzae (Ito & Kurib.) Drechsler ex Dastur ; Bipolaris victoriae Nelson; Bipolaris sp. The total isolataes were consisted of 15% Bipolaris oryzae, 75% Bipolarisvictoriae and 10% Bipolaris sp. The study of pathogenicity of isolation in these three species was applied to Khazar rice in desicator. The symptoms created by these three species were different trom necrotic spots to leaf death. The results indicated that not only the symptoms but also the virulence in these three species were different. The virulence in B.oryzae was more than B. sp and this was more than B. victoriae. To study the reaction of some cultivars of rices to the pathogenic fungous agent, 8 cultivars of rice: " Bejar, Khazar, Sepeedroud, Domsephid, Hassan saraee, Binam, Neda, Nemat" respectively were used in the two stages of the plant growth, to leaf in the seedling stage and heading. The results indicated that in seedling stage there was no significant difference between these cultivars with respect to the amount of infection. And in heading stage, according to "Dunken" test (5%) they divided into the 3 groups: "Neda, Sepeedrud, Khazar and Binam" with the lowest amoUlltof infection were in the first group, "Bejar, Domsephid and Hassan saraee" classified in the second group and "Nemat" was in the third one. But there was no significant difference between them according to the variance analysis table.