Nano-γ-Al2O3/BF3/Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles was synthesized and characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Transmittance Electron Microscopy (TEM), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Thermal Gravimetry (TGA). Dihydropyrimidinones (DHP) act as antivirals, antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammatory, antioxidan, anticarcinogen, calcium channel blockers, antihypertensive, anti-cancer and anti-HIV compounds. Nano-γ-Al2O3/BF3/Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient catalyst was applied for the mild and green one-pot multicomponent synthesis of 3,4-dihydro pyrimidine-2(1H)-ones/thiones under solvent-free conditions. Biginelli reaction proceeds through an aldehyde, β-keto ester and urea or thiourea to the dihydropyrimidinone. Excellent yields of dihydropyrmidinones are gained within a short reaction time. The proposed method offers several advantages such as short reaction time, high efficiency, smooth purification, cleaning reaction, ease of recovery, and reusable catalyst. The structure and purity of these compounds were confirmed using IR and 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectral analysis. Meanwhile, the physical property of products were compared with reported ones.

The rapid spread and high mortality rate of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) have recently received worldwide attention. Understanding the pathologic features and behavior of this new virus can help control its spread. The present study aimed to compare SARS-CoV-2 with other similar viruses. This study is a systematic review of current evidence conducted in September 2020. A search was carried out utilizing the keywords in the online databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science. The original peer-reviewed papers written in English that met the eligibility criteria were included in the final report. In this study, we compared SARS-CoV-2 with similar viruses such as influenza, Zika, Ebola, HIV, SARS-COV, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses (MERS-COV) in the features such as envelope structure, risk factors, duration of the disease, common symptoms, and treatments. Moreover, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has many similarities with the other viruses explained in the present study. However, there are still controversies about the virus’, s behavior. Although there are similarities between the abovementioned viruses, the scientific community should also pay special attention to distinct features of SARS-CoV-2, particularly the high probability of transmission in the human population, which causes substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Future studies are needed further to explore the biological and epidemiological behavior of this virus.

The jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is one of the natural remedies significantly used in folk medicine. The ethnopharmacological applications of jackfruit are mainly concerned with the management of inflammation, diarrhea, and diabetes mellitus. Flavonoids, stilbenoids, aryl benzofurans, and lectin jacalin are abundant in jackfruit species. Jacalin is a good indicator for evaluating the immunological state of HIV-1 patients. The extracts and metabolites of jackfruit, particularly those from the leaves, bark, stem, and fruit, contain several beneficial bioactive mixtures. New studies are focused on exploring these bioactive compounds used in various biological activities such as antiviral, antiplatelet, anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, immunomodulatory effects, inhibitors of 5-alpha reductase activity, and the formulation of fast-dissolving tablets (orodispersible, rapid melts porous). Multidisciplinary programs that integrate traditional and modern technology play a crucial role in the lies ahead expansion of jackfruit as the prospective inception of therapeutic compounds. This review aims to highlight significant results on the identification, production, and bioactivity of metabolites found in jackfruit, with current developments in jackfruit research in the control and prevention of human diseases.

BACKGROUND: The main characteristic of today's adolescents in seeking information is through online media. The pattern of their information-seeking behavior is diversified based on socio-demographic factors. The objective of this study is to describe the information-seeking behavior of reproductive health based on socio-demographics among adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This online-based survey was conducted with a cross-sectional study in 2021 among 438 adolescents 18–24 years of age in Jakarta, Indonesia, by purposive sampling technique. Data were collected by distributing Google forms and analyzed using the Chi-square test. RESULTS: The main source of information media used by adolescents in their daily lives was online media (97. 3%), with Instagram being the highest proportion (66. 0%). Based on education, there were significant differences in preference topics on Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (HIV-AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases (P = 0. 012), reproductive system and puberty (P = 0. 045), source of information from Facebook (P = 0. 034), and source of information from mother (P = 0. 045). Based on parents' income, there was a significant difference in preference topics on child marriage, prevention of pregnancy, and abortion (P = 0. 015). CONCLUSION: There is a need to improve reproductive health promotion by maximizing online media and certain figures along with promotion target mapping based on socio-demographic characteristics.

Parents are primary sex educators of their teenagers and also function as resources for advice and information about sexual decision-making and partner selection. So far, various family-based programs were carried out to prevent HIV infection in young people,however, their findings are contradictory and inconclusive. Therefore, we carried out the current systematic review to critically review the available literature regarding the role of family-based interventions among young people to prevent HIV infection. The available online databases including ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed were searched systematically up to November 2022. The risk of bias in the eligible studies was examined by two independent authors using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool. A total of 7 studies including 4952 participants were enrolled in the current study. They were conducted between 2006 and 2020. On the basis of the available literature, family-based HIV prevention interventions seem to be effective in terms of improving HIV/AIDS knowledge and also parent–youth communication. It seems that family-based interventions in youth to prevent HIV/AIDS are effective,however, further well-designed studies are needed to help the researchers reach a firm conclusion on this issue. The current systematic review may be used by investigators for future studies in terms of settings and the selection of educational approaches. Moreover, it strongly suggested that further studies investigating the role of family-based education in the prevention of HIV/AIDS utilize more sample size and also a more robust educational framework.

Introduction: The essential purpose of IBTO is a sufficient supply of blood and blood components with maximum efficiency and expected requirements with minimum risk to donors and recipients. The risk of transfusion-transmitted infectious (TTI) to recipient has been drastically reduced in these recent decades, due to improvement in donor selection and usage of sensitive and qualified serologic tests. The safety of blood supply and risk of potential risk of transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases among the recipients of blood and blood products can be estimated by monitoring the prevalence of viral markers amongst the donor population.Study design and methods: Viral screening results of 6,499,851 allogenic donations from 30 regional and 35 local blood services, 2004 to 2009 were analyzed. The donations were all screened for HBsAg, anti-HIV, HIV Ag/Ab (from 2005), anti-HCV, treponemal antibodies as a marker for syphilis infection according to standard operating procedures at each center by approved and similar commercial kits across the country. In order to define the prevalence of TTI, the number of positive donations for every year is divided by defined number of blood donations for each year and for assessing frequency of infection, prevalence of HBsAg, anti-HIV or HIV Ag/Ab and anti-HCV per 100,000 donations and %95 confidential interval (%95 CI) is calculated. Results: A total of 10073341 donations were tested in IBTO laboratories during the 6 years period from 2004 to 2009. The overall prevalence of HBV was 0.48% which showed a decline from 0.73% in 2004 to 0.30% in 2009. The overall prevalence of HIV infection was 0.004%. Its prevalence was constant during 2004-2005 followed by a gradual but not significant decline from 0.005% in 2005 to 0.004% in 2009. The overall prevalence of anti-HCV during the study period was 0.12% and increased from 0.13% in 2004 to 0.14% in 2005 but gradually declined to 0.09% in 2009.Conclusion: Various factors are contributed to the decline prevalence of transfusion transmitted infection (TTI) and some of more important contributing factors are such as efficient donor selection and same deferral criteria, self-deferral procedure, confidential unit exclusion, exclusion replacement donation, increasing in number of regular donations, education efforts in order to increase public knowledge on blood borne infections and routs of transmission, improvement and usage of computer software, data registry of blood donors with history of screening positive results and hepatitis B immunization. The lower prevalence of TTI in blood donations compared to the general population and trends of their prevalence suggest that most of the safety measures employed at IBTO in the recent years have been effective.

Background & Objectives: Despite the rescuer effect of blood transfusion, transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) have become one of the challenges of the centers where blood transfusion is practiced & naturally blood transfusion centers. TTIs such as hepatitis B, C & HIV infection are the main safety threats of blood & blood products. The aim of this study was determining the seroprevalence of these infections in Yazd blood donors during 2005-2009.Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, datas of all blood donors attending stable & mobile settings of Yazd blood transfusion center (119141 donations) were studied (routine data) during 2005-2009.Then the demographic status, results of ELISA & confirmatory tests(if ELISA positive) were analyzed by chi-square test & SPSS13 software program.Results: Among 119141 blood donations, 446 were positive for one of HBSAg, HCVAb or HIVAb confirmatory tests. Prevalence rates of these positive tests were 0.2%, 0.09% & 0.001% respectively. The prevalence rate of all these positive tests among lapsed donors­ (ones who have a history of blood donation) & regular donors (ones who donate blood at least 2 times a year) was 1/10 & 1/32 of first time donors. The prevalence rates of all these positive tests among blood donors attending stable setting was half of those attending mobile settings. Furthermore, with increase in educational level, the prevalence rate of all these positive tests decreased. (p-value<0.001).Conclusion: The prevalence rate of transfusion transmitted viral infections in Yazd blood donors was lower than general population. It emphasizes the importance of interviewing and retrieving past medical records as an easy, inexpensive & reliable screening method for prevention of transfusion transmitted diseases.

The normal range of the platelet count in fetal life is similar to that seen in adulthood , being in the ang 150-400 x109/l.neonatal thrombocytopenia, defined as a platelet count of <150 x109/l is common, with a reported frequency of approximately 0.9% in unselected newborns, and 40% in infants in intensive care units.those arising on a background of an established genetic defect (inherited thrombocytopenia); Those associated with birth (congenital thrombocytopenia).Inherited thrombocytopeniaWiskott_aldrich syndrome, amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia and thrombocytopenia with absent radii(TAR) where the platelet count is usually very low;Bernard-soulier and chediak –higashi syndrome where there is a marked platelet dysfunction. Disorders with dysfunctional platelets GPIb-V-IXcomplex, Bernard-soulier syndrome, Pseudo-von willebrand disease, Type2B von willebrand,s disease, Montreal platelet syndrome, Gray platelet syndrome, Paris-trousseau syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Wiskott-aldrich syndrome variants (x-linked thrombocytopenia) Disorders without dysfunctional plateletsMay-hegglin anomaly, Alport, s syndrome, Fechtner, s syndrome, Sebastian platelet syndrome, Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia, Fanconi, anemia, Trisomy syndromes, Pure genetic thrombocytopeniaCongenital thrombocytopeniaImmune thrombocytopenia, Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, Maternal autoimmune thrombocytopenia, Intrauterine infections (TORCH syndromes)Toxoplasmosis, Congenital rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex, Other causes:Estimates of the rates of HIV transmission from mother to newborn range from 20 to 60% depending on the study, Maternal pre-eclampsia, Maternal use of drugs.