Because of increasing saline lands and decline the desirable agricultural lands for cultivation, the identification of salt-resistant medicinal plants is in high priority. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted to identify sustainable ecotypes of fennel at three levels of salinity stress in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Iran, during the years 2014-15. The experiment was performed as factorial based on a randomized complete block design with two factors. A) 10 ecotypes as: Sardasht, Saghez, Kerman, Tabriz, Sabzevar, Rum, Khousf, Bojnord, Mashhad and Shabesta and B) three salinity levels: 3, 6 and 9 ds/m of Nacl with three replications. The results showed that, the salinity levels of 3, 6, 9 ds/m explained 72. 0, 69. 1 and 65. 2% of the total variation using GT (Genotype × Trait) Biplot, respectively. Similarly, for total of salinity stress GT-Biplot explained 65. 2% of total variation. Using polygonal diagram of genotype × trait, in stress 3 ds/m, the highest variation explained by ascorbate peroxidase, chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll, in stress 6 ds/m explained by superoxide dismutase, in stress 9 ds/m explained by chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and superoxide dismutase and in the total salinity stress levels explained by chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and superoxide dismutase, respectively. For all of stress levels, Tabriz ecotype for catalase, proline and malondialdehyde content, Mashhad ecotype for chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and ascorbate peroxidase and Rum ecotype for superoxide dismutase were superior to other ecotypes, respectively. Based on all traits and in all environments, Mashhad ecotype was better and more stable than other ecotypes.

This study was carried out to adaptability evaluation of 50 grapevine varieties introduced from Russia from 2008 to 2013 in Qazvin and Urmia provinces. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Three superior grapevine clones of white Bidaneh were as control in both areas. The Corden bilateral training system was used in 2×3. 5 m space planning and two vines in each experimental unit in the both areas. Measurement traits were: yield per plant, length and width of berry, total soluble solids of juice (TSS), juice pH, juice titratable acid (TA) and harvest time of. Combined analysis of variance and adaptability analysis was performed on the base of GGE Biplot principal components analysis of the environment scaling method. Statistical analysis was done by GenStat ver. 12 computer software. The effects of the environments, varieties and environments × varieties were significant in the combined analysis of variance. The adaptability of Zenbil 13-366 and Ljana was higher than other varieties on the base of yield components in Qazvin. Ruski Ramphi had higher adaptability than other varieties in Urmia region. Yoski biser, Bobili magaracha and Ramphi Izdangareh had the most inappropriate situation on the base of yield components in two areas.

Nineteen durum wheat lines selected from preliminary yield trial along with Dehdasht as a control cultivar, were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at five regions in Iran including Gachsaran, Gonbad, Khoramabad, Moghan and Ilam during three cropping seasons of 2012-2015. Combined analysis of variance indicated significant effects of year, location, genotype and year × location, year × genptype and year × location × genotype interactions on durum wheat grain yield. Screet test indicated the first foure principal components had high contribution of geenotype × environmentinteractions (GEI), so that the PC1 and PC2 was explained 22. 0% and 18. 71% of GEI variation. Mosaic plot revealed that 11. 54% of total variation is illustrated by genotype and 88. 46% by GEI effects. Heatmap plot was also indicated G16, G19 and G20 had high grain yield in many of environments. The polygon view of Biplot indicated G8, G7, G20 and G13 were as stable genotypes to the tested environments according to the closest distance to Biplot origin, while G18, G15 and G11 was not adaptable to any of environments. The simultaneous studying of the effects of genotype (G) and genotype-environment interactions (G×E) by average tester coordinate (ATC) view of Biplot illustrated that G2, G7, G1 and G20, in addition to high grain yield, are also more stable to the tested environments than the other genotypes, and can be proposed as stable genotypes. G1 and G2 are placed close to the ideal genotype, are most desirable than the other genotypes. The vector view of GGE Biplot indicated discriminating and representative environments (E5 and E3) are good environments for selecting generally adapted genotypes. Consequently, G7, G8, G20 and G13 with strong stability and high grain yield can be used in selection/ recommendation process of cultivar.

In the present investigation, 81 safflower genotypes were studied in a 9×9 simple lattice design for several plants per plot (NPP), plant height (PH), the height of the first lateral branch (HFL), the height of the first lateral capitulum (HFC), stem diameter (SD), number of lateral branches per plant (NLB), number of main branches per plant (NMB), number of capitula per plant (NCP), number of seeds per main capitulum (SMC), number of seeds per lateral capitulum (SLC), seed yield (SY) and thousand seed weight (TSW). The genotype by trait (G×T) interaction Biplot tool was used to indicate the pattern of G×T interaction two-way interaction data in a graph with 73% description of observed variation whereas the first principal component (PC) effect explained 49%, and the second PC, 24%, of the observed interaction variability. The vector view displayed that NCP with NMB, and SMC with SY were positively associated while there was a negative association between HFC with TSW, and between NLB with NPP. The polygon-view graph is divided into eleven sectors, and the sector of genotype G80 was a winner for most traits. Genotype G58 followed by genotypes G30, G33 and G72, were the most favorable genotypes in regard to SY while regarding this trait as a reference, SMC was identified as the most related trait which is followed by SLC, SD. Applying G×T Biplot to the safflower multiple trait data demonstrated that this model visually showed the associations among seed yield with the number of seeds per main and lateral capitula followed by the number of capitula per plant and thousand seed weight, and provide ease of visual genotype comparisons and choosing. We found that choose of seed yield alone was not only dependent on the number of seeds per main and lateral capitula but also related to the other traits in safflower breeding.

Biplot related to the effects of genotype and genotype × environment is called GGE Biplot. This method is used to assess the stability of genotypes. In this methodology, selection of sustainable varieties is based on genotype and genotype by environment interaction effects. In this research, the stability of 18 bread wheat genotypes was investigated in six environments (three years and two environmental conditions, irrigated and rainfed). The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with three replications under both conditions in experimental field of Faculty of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran, during three years (2010-2012 and 2014-2015). The results of combined analysis of variance showed that the environment, genotype and genotype by environment interaction effects were 75%, 5. 9% and 14. 9% of total variance, respectively. Pishtaz and WC-4530 genotypes were the nearest genotypes to ideal genotype. Due to the high correlation between E1 (rainfed condition, 2010-2011) and E2 (irrigated condition, 2010-2011) and among E5 (rainfed condition, 2014-2015), E3 (rainfed condition, 2011-2012) and E4 (irrigated condition, 2011-2012), these environments were identified as similar environments. Simultaneous evalution of stability and yield of the studied genotypes showed that WC-4530 is stable and high yielding genotype. View of polygon graph revealed five superior genotypes and three mega-environments, and the compatible genotypes were determined for each mega-environment. All experimental environments had good differentiation ability.

The GGE (genotype main effect, G and genotype by environment interaction, GEI) Biplot graphical tool was applied to analyze multi-environment trials (MET) data. In this study, eight improved and local rice genotypes including two rice cultivars as check were evaluated with the objective of selecting stable and high-yielding varieties by GGE Biplot analysis. According to which-won-where pattern of GGE Biplot the vertex genotypes were BC25, BC4, RI18446-13, Hassani, Abjiboji and RI18435-13. These genotypes were the best or the poorest genotypes in some or all of the test environments since they had the longest distance from the origin of the Biplot. The performance of genotypes BC9, BC25, RI18436-46 and Saleh were highly stable and had the highest grain yield, while genotype BC4 was high yielding with intermediate stability. In addition, performance of genotype RI18446-13 was lowly stable with the high grain yield and genotype RI18435-13 was poor based on both stability and yield. But the performance of genotype Hassani was intermediate stable with low grain yield, while genotypes Abjiboji and RI18430-74 were highly stable with low yielding.Totally, the results of this research showed that BC4 line (derived from a backcross between Abjiboji cultivar as recurrent parent and Saleh cultivar as donor parent) with high grain yield (5.0-5.5 t.ha-1), suitable maturity time (110-115 days), intermediate amylose content (20-21 %) and desirable plant height (105-110 cm) was the superior genotype of this experiment which is recommended to cultivate in environmental conditions of the north provinces of Iran.

Salinity stress is one of the major abiotic stresses in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, such as Iran. In this research to finding interrelationships between different traits and performance; some wheat genotypes were evaluated by using Biplot method. In this study, 110 bread wheat genotypes were evaluated in two conditions (normal and saline stress) at the research field of the National Salinity Research Center (NSRC). The salinity of water used in irrigation in saline and normal conditions was 10 and 2 dS. m-1 respectively. Also the average of soil salinity rate in saline and normal condition was 9. 5 and 2. 7 dS. m-1 respectively. The results revealed that there was a strong positive association between biological yield and harvest index with seed yield in both normal and saline conditions. Therefore, it seems that biological yield and harvest index could be used as a suitable criterion in selecting for increased seed yield in wheat. In this research among 110 studied bread wheat genotypes, promising advanced lines Salt22, Salt29 and Salt30 were identified as the most salinity-tolerant genotypes that these lines can be utilized for salt-affected areas and as donor parents in wheat breeding programs for further improvement of germplasm for salinity tolerance.

Cantaloupe is a common crop and relatively important in Iran which show high genetic diversity. The objective of this study was the investigation of interrelationships among different traits in Iranian cantaloupe cultivars and comparison of different cantaloupe genotypes based on different traits using Biplot method. Forty nine genotypes including seven Iranian endemic cantaloupes Rishbaba, Shahabadi, Samsori, Dastjerdi, Magasi, Tiltorogh and Savei and their direct and reciprocal crosses were evaluated during two years using triple lattice design. Results indicated the positive and significant correlations between yield and yield components in both of years. Three traits including fruit weight, flesh thickness and fruit width indicated positive and significant correlation with yield among of traits. The ranks of the genotypes relative to yield were indicated the differences between genotypes in two years. The genotypes ranks according to total soluble solids and early maturity indicated that Magasi × Savei (G57) cross and Dastjerdi (G4) parent were the most superior genotype in two years; so Magasi × Savei (G44) cross and Dastjerdi (G4) parent can be considered for the production of cultivars with high sugar and early mature cultivars, respectively. Results also showed that the yield were independent from total soluble solids and early maturity so in cantaloupe breeding programs we can individually modified yield trait in breeding projects. The two traits, total soluble solids and early maturity had the negative correlation with each other; so these traits could be considered simultaneously for breeding.

In order to and compare a group of genotypes and new cotton hybrids were selected through numerous experiments in term of qualital and quantital characteristics, This project conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two areas Hashemabad (non-stress) and Anbaralum (salinity stress) during two years 2013-2014. 38 genotypes were compared with two commercial cultivars of Golestan and Sepid (as control) were evaluated. The measured traits included: Seed cotton yield (1st and 2nd harvest), yield components (boll weight, boll number, length and number of sympodial branches), plant height and earliness (first to total yield ratio). The results of analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences among the genotypes in the years and locations of experimental for the majority of studied traits at a level of 5% or 1%. The highest yield in non-stress condition was shown for Er26, Tj82, Tj135 and DB24 genotypes. But the ranking of treatments was different under stress conditions so that Tj174, Er34 and Tj135 genotypes produced the highest yield under stress conditions. In terms of tolerance index, Er26, Er29 and Tj82 genotypes were superior to other genotypes. Two components drawn in chart determined 94% of the variations by the GGE Biplot software. Finally, Tj135, Er38 and Tj82 were selected and introduced as the best and most genotypes for salinity tolerance.