Purpose: Food SECURITY is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research and innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food SECURITY and examine its relationship with patents and Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food SECURITY by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database and GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, and the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication and citation of scientific outputs related to food SECURITY in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, and food production index compared to Iran, Japan, and South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population and the number of papers, gross production and the number of papers, food production and the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents and papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, and food SECURITY. Greater emphasis on food SECURITY contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, and innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, and innovation positively impact food SECURITY in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, and ultimately, ensuring food SECURITY in developing countries.

Background and Objective: Because of being adjacent to the world’s biggest drug producers on the eastern borderline, being located on the cheap transit path of drugs, and insisting on certain ideological positions providing national SECURITY in Iran is affected by drug smuggling.The present research aims at determining the impact of drug smuggling on various dimensions of I. R. Iran’s national SECURITY-political, economic, social and cultural dimensions.Method: The present research is conducted through documented and survey method and through using note-taking and questionnaire.Validity of the self-made questionnaire is proved by Cronbach’s Alpha formula (a=0.88); in addition the hypotheses of the research were tested by X2 Test.The statistical population includes President’s Office Anti-narcotics HQs staff in 2009.Findings: Analysis of the collected data, confirms the relationship between drug smuggling and Iran’s national SECURITY. The four hypotheses of the research based on negative impressionability of political, social, cultural and economic dimensions of national SECURITY by drug smuggling is confirmed (95%).Conclusion: Drug smuggling had the most negative impact on cultural aspect of SECURITY through preventing human development while it had the least negative impacts on economic SECURITY, which is crystallized in increasing policing -legal costs. The negative impact of drug smuggling in terms of social aspect emerges through crime rate increase; and in terms of politics blemishes the political credit of the system in the region, as well as international system.

A B S T R A C T Transformations such as globalization, the contiguity of geographical spaces, as well as developments in the field of military technologies have transformed the issue of defense as the main factor for the survival of countries. Because the transformation from hard to soft war and then the smart war in recent decades has changed the approaches to defense. These transformations have led to the development of discussions about defense purposes. Meanwhile, Middle East countries have a prominent position and importance in terms of defense due to their special conditions. This article has tried to investigate the basic dimensions affecting the defense of foreign countries with descriptive and analytical methods, using library and field findings and Smart-PLS software. The results of the current research show that the effective components in the current research include 130 items that are placed in the form of 15 dimensions. The importance of these dimensions in defense of the Middle East countries is, respectively, geopolitical dimension with a 0.43 score, military dimension with a 0.41 score, economic dimension with a 0.41 score, political dimension with a 0.39 score, hydrology dimension with a 0.34 score, SECURITY dimension with a 0.32 score, social dimension with a 0.29 score, demographic dimension with a 0.28 score, cultural dimension with a 0.26 score, scientific-health dimension with a 0.25 score, geomorphological dimension with a 0.25 score, mathematical dimension with a 0.2 score, climatic dimension with a 0.2 score, biological dimension with a 0.2 score and soil dimension with a 0.18 score. Extended Abstract Introduction SECURITY and defense are among the most vital issues for the preservation and survival of countries. In fact, defense and military affairs are necessary for countries' independence and political, cultural and economic development. Among them, geography and political geography are prominent fields that directly affect defense issues. Actions taken by a country in dimensions (political, military, economic, etc.) in order to maintain SECURITY and territorial integrity, guarantee independence and protection of its people against any enemy attack, will organize the geographical (spatial) environment, wise and appropriate distribution of critical places and sensitive centers and infrastructures are identified by taking into account the threats and the correct use of environmental capacities in political, economic, social, cultural, etc. dimensions, and as a result, it can lead to stability and stability in the country's geographical space. The design of defense planning model according to the economic, cultural, political and environmental features in the new era when countries are facing external and internal threats as a sub-branch of territorial planning has received the attention and importance of officials and governance systems in order to be able to reduce these threats with accurate and systematic planning in the geographical space, defense planning is not separate from the flow of national and regional planning. It is important to pay attention to it based on the type and amount of external and internal threats to governance. Due to the expansion of the SECURITY circle, the government is not only responsible for creating military SECURITY. However, it must also exercise part of its authority in the direction of territorial management. On the other hand, there has been a transformation in the form of threats and wars based on changes and the movement from hard to soft war and finally, smart war is the basis for reviewing and recognizing the components that can be used in defense of countries, including the Middle East countries, have a prominent position and importance. Despite the internal differences between countries, the Middle East has commonalities and connections that can directly affect the overall defense of this geographical space.   Methodology In terms of type and purpose, the current research is fundamentally applied. Also, it is descriptive and analytical in terms of nature. This research, in addition to the correct and realistic depiction of the defense situation of the Middle East countries, it is tried to provide a suitable model for the defense of the countries. The sources used in the current research are library and field sources (questionnaires). According to the subject of the current research, the statistical population of this research is a collection of people, experts and elites who have sufficient knowledge, experience and expertise regarding the research topic, which is the design of the defense model, according to the nature of the Delphi pattern model, at least the statistical population based on the sources should be between twenty and fifty people to reach statistical saturation. The number of selected samples included 51 people who were identified in the form of a non-random sampling pattern and introduced as a statistical sample in the framework of the Delphi model. Due to the qualitative nature of this research, it has been tried to use the Delphi model in the framework of the targeted non-random model. Therefore, based on these cases, the current research has selected the maximum statistical population of 51 elites, experts, and opinionated people in this field. In this research, to evaluate the research hypotheses in the form of the hardness equations model, the partial least squares method and the SMART-PLS software, which is a variance-based path modeling technique and provides the possibility of checking the theory and metrics simultaneously, have been exerted.   Results and discussion In this research, approaches such as political, military, cultural, etc., in the field of land use have been discussed. In the meantime, the defense of countries as an emerging approach is significant. According to the developments in geographical spaces, such as the evolution of military-defense technologies, the connection of geographical spaces to each other and most importantly, the movement from hard and soft war to smart war has witnessed a transformation and wide attention in a way that countries are suited to these developments are trying to prepare the geographical space of their country in terms of defense. Therefore, the defense planning of the Middle East countries as a geographical region has great importance from a geopolitical and strategic point of view, which indicates that the countries of this region face threats and complex defense-SECURITY issues in different ways.   Conclusion The results of the present research show that the defense planning in developing countries should be considered according to their characteristics, considering all 15 dimensions, which include 130 components. In the design of the defense planning of these countries, attention should be paid to the weight and importance of the shaping dimensions. In general, it can be said that the defense planning of the Middle East countries is proportional to the geographical features of these countries and on the other hand, considering the developments in the field of threats and moving from hard to smart war, 15 dimensions should be considered for the defense of these countries.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Many of the threats made against human communities are sources of environmental issues. These threats, however, merely apparent non-SECURITY and natural threats will appear, but in practice, community safety and SECURITY in the affected countries and sometimes much more significant impact and consequences of the war will bring.Recognizing the challenges posed by environmental effects on natural and human geography of nations, and consequently extend and the effectiveness of the SECURITY and political geography, the main issue is the focus of this article. The present text's main objective is "account of environmental issues with national SECURITY policy", and it try to find best responds for its main questions that are "What environmental issues have a role in national SECURITY?" and "Why should be considering environmental issues in national SECURITY policy?" It use the library for research for collection of data and analysis methods for analyzing data collected and to arrive a deeper vision and acquiring new perspectives, his hypothesis to the test plant and concluded that: Environmental consequences of changes in any physical border will not stop.Moreover, continued spread in all aspects of life and human societies, like-chain and affects all parts of the world like a domino. Therefore, attention to the national SECURITY of the environment is futuristic, and limit it in the land area and a few years time horizon, will prevent from seeing the added value arising from the discussion of environmental issues in the future. Iran must be first place in the region in all areas, according to "The Future Outlook of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Horizon of the 1404". This was not realized unless with real and rational forward looking, scientific planning, choosing the best solutions and avoid the slogan.

Examining SECURITY is of great importance in exploring international relations. Thinking of the word SECURITY what comes into our mind more than anything else is being secured from attack and military management. But "SECURITY" is more complex than that. The major problem in investigating SECURITY after the cold war is that little consensus exists on the nature of SECURITY.This paper seeks to look at SECURITY from different perspective.

Termination of the Cold War was followed by considerable developments in international relations, including the emergence and gradual empowerment of new political actors. China was one of these actors whose process of empowerment, which actually started many years before the end of the Cold War, has drawn attention from many analysts. Central Asia is one of the regions with which China has had traditionally close relations. The collapse of the former Soviet Union in 1991 and the opening up of the Central Asian geopolitical environment provided a suitable ground for reestablishment of ties between China and Central Asian republics. Focusing on the SECURITY dimension of China-Central Asia relations, this article tries to analyze whether China’s SECURITY ties with this region is limited to usual SECURITY relations among neighboring countries, or follows a special pattern beyond the conventional trends. The article adopts the “Regional SECURITY Complexes” theory as its analytical basis, claiming that China’s SECURITY ties with Central Asia are aimed at creating a distinct SECURITY complex.

The present study aimed at investigating the physicalSECURITY dimensions affecting the SECURITY of volleyball stadiums inIran. The study employed a descriptive-exploratory researchmethod conducted on 115 managers and officials in volleyballstadiums, presidents and experts of Provincial Volleyball Boards aswell as experts in the field of sports facilities and events as well assports violence and aggression. They answered a 20-itme PhysicalSECURITY Assessment Questionnaire extracted from the adjusted Stadium SECURITY Questionnaire (Faraji, 2014). The collected datawere analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The research findings indicated that physical SECURITY is one of themain factors affecting the SECURITY of volleyball stadiums in Iran. Control of toxic and chemical substances (0. 91), internal control(0. 90), peripheral environment control (0. 70) and court entrancecontrol (0. 59) were considered as the most important factors ofphysical SECURITY on the SECURITY of volleyball stadiums (P <0. 05). It seems that the strict implementation of the SECURITY inspectionprotocol for spectators, the adoption of appropriate SECURITYmeasures in the external environment of volleyball stadiums, thereform of the ticket sales system, and the use of new methods fordistributing and selling tickets to control the court entrances canprevent spectators’ violent behaviors and increase their satisfaction. As a result, the SECURITY of volleyball stadiums can be fulfilled.