The purpose of present study was to investigate revenue diversification among Iranian public universities in order to improve the stability and flexibility of financial resources. A quantitative practical correlational research design was utilized for this study. The spatial scope of research was one and two level comprehensive public and industrial public universities during 2013-2018. Data were gathered using official reports from Plan and Budget Organization, Iran Central Bank and Institute for Research and Planning for Higher Education. Data were analyzed by Eviews software and fixed effect model. Results indicated that income diversity index had a significant inverse relationship with changes of per capita income. On the other hand, tuition criterion model has a significant and direct relationship with university income per capita. In addition, results illustrated that Iran`s higher education align with world higher education has faced economic instability and public budget has not met the financial requirements of the universities. There is a serious weakness in revenue diversification and high level of dependency on tuition income among public universities. This is all in the conditions that increase government spending and future instability have caused the government to direct university to make money from other sources.

The purpose of this descriptive survey was to investigate the requirements for financing and diversifying the financial resources in public universities. The statistical population of this study was composed of 157 experts and authorities in higher education and public universities. As such, 112 subjects were selected as research sample using stratified random sampling method. The required data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 78 items. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through collecting the viewpoints of experts and its construct validity was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. Besides, the Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient was calculated (0.97) in order to calculate the reliability of forenamed questionnaire. Regarding the data analysis, it was decided to make use of descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (One-Sample T-test and Friedman Test). The results showed that, from the perspective of the respondents, all requirements were of major importance in financing and diversifying the financial resources in public universities. The results indicated that (in the macro level) policymaking and strategic requirements and economic-financial requirements were the most and least important items, respectively. In the micro level, it was indicated that the motivational requirements and structural requirements were the most and least important items. Considering this fact that the formulated requirements have been among the prerequisites of financing and diversifying the financial resources in public universities, the academic authorities and personnel should consider them in their planning in order to attain higher income thereof.

The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying diversification solutions to provide financial resources in educational systems. The approach of the research was qualitative and its method was a systematic review of an integrated type. The statistical population of the research included domestic and foreign researches and studies in the period of 1388 to 1400 and 2010 to 2022 in the field of diversifying solutions to provide financial resources in educational systems with specific keywords and in internal databases and foreign such as Noor specialized magazines database, country publications database (Mogiran), Marje Danesh (Civilika), Ganj database and Persian scientific search engine (Elamnet) and foreign databases IJET, and Google scholar, Eric, Scopus, Science direct to collect it were discussed, and a total of 138 studies were selected and analyzed. Among these studies, after several stages of screening, 20 study units were selected and reviewed based on the title, abstract and content of the research respectively. In order to analyze the research data, the method of content analysis was used in the coding method. The results obtained first in the open coding stage showed; In order to diversify the sources of income in the education system, 20 strategies have been used, which can be divided into four main categories based on the results of central and selective coding. Financing through the government, financing through people, financing through income generation and financing through international activities were classified. Based on this, diversification strategies to provide financial resources in educational systems in terms of documents related to the research question were placed in the mentioned 4 main categories.

Up to now, the effects of diversification of business portfolio has been a controversial topic. Models of the effects of diversification on performance are categorized in three groups: Value Enhancing Models, Inverted-U Models and Value-Destroying Models. Researches on this subject have not achieved maturity because They have not achieved consensus on a single conclusion and These researches have not achieved interpretable and stable results. Specially diversification of Iranian holding companies have not been considered yet. In this survey, we consider the impact of business portfolio diversification on financial performance and risk. 37 LLP conglomerates that are active in The Teheran Stock Market are considered during 1390 to 1394 (5 years). For considering validity of model and coefficients respectively the F test and T test is used. These tests are done by Eviews 9. In the 95% level of confidence, the conclusions shows that there isn’t a linear relationship between diversification with ROE and risk.

Objective Developing diversification is a corporate level strategy. Due to growth strategies at the corporate level strategy, managers should take into account financial performance relative to selected strategies in order to determine the type and the procedure to develop a firm. According to the literature, diversification as a growth strategy has various influences on performance at different stages of diversification. Therefore, in this study we aim to investigate the effectiveness of Business Portfolio Diversification Strategy on Financial Performance. Methodology In the present study, the sample population consists of 37 Iranian parent companies listed in Tehran stock exchange within 5-year period from 2012 to 2016. We analyzed the diversification degree and performance using Herfindahl– Hirschman Index and ROA. Size, growth and debt of companies are also used as control variables. Findings Based on the results of the t-test, there is a significant relationship between diversification and ROA (F= 0. 00000 and R= 0. 889855). Conclusion As the findings showed, there is a nonlinear relationship between diversification and financial performance. In addition, diversification causes destruction of values and reduction in profibilty.

bjective: the earning management literature attempts to understand why managers manipulate earnings, how they do so and the consequences of this treatment. These questions are the focus on a significant area of inquiry within financial reporting research. one of the important factors affecting earning management can be diversification strategy. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to investigate whether diversification strategy, by making an explicit distinction between business and geographic diversification, provides a favorable environment for earnings management or whether it mitigates this phenomenon. Method: the research in terms of objectives is practical and nature of method investigating variables is correlation. the research based on a sample of 97 companies from listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange over the period 2009– 2017 and making an explicit distinction between industrial and geographic diversification, multivariate regression model based on panel data are used to test whether diversification strategy has an impact on earnings management. the study makes use of discretionary accruals as a proxy for earnings management and the modified Jones model is used to measure discretionary accruals. Results: the findings of the study reveal that business and geographic diversification by itself haven’ t any significant impact on earnings management but a combination of business and geographic diversification mitigates this phenomenon. Conclusion: the results of the study revealed the evidence in support of the portfolio theory and risk-reducing theory, because the theories argue negative relationship among earnings management and diversification strategy. Contribution: since to examine the relationship between diversification strategy and earning management an explicit distinction has considered between industrial and geographic diversification and also combination of industrial and geographic diversification is the innovation of this research.

Due to the present financial crises and turmoil in economic systems all over the world, countries are faced with difficulties in financing higher education. As a result, given the role universities play in the advancement of communities, more attention has been paid to the development and diversification of financial resources in universities.The purpose of this study is to present a model of financial development in universities via the comprehensive content analysis of internal and external studies in this field. This qualitative research was formulated using a cross-sectional method. Thus, by searching for keywords regarding the financial development and diversification of university income sources in both domestic and foreign databases from1990 to 2018, a total of 40 researches were collected. Out of the 40 researches collect, 21 were selected and finalized.Then, after extracting the basic themes, the thematic analysis strategy was applied and in addition to drawing thematic grids, a schematic model of financial development in universities was also drawn. Based on the findings, a total of 10 pre-organizer categories consisting of, good governance, development of legal mechanisms, development of incentives, academic research management, academic finance development, endowment flow development, competitive space development, development of industry cooperation, and culture and human capital development, were identified. The 10 pre-organizer categories along with 28 pre-organizer secondary themes were categorized into 218 basic themes. Finally, the proposed policies for education in the Iranian higher education system were also outlined.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between diversity and bankruptcy risk. The statistical population of this study includes all companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during 2018-2007. The sample is based on the systematic elimination method of 82 companies. The product diversification strategies are divided into related, unrelated, total, and competitive diversification. Also, the bankruptcy risk is based on the Z index. The method of research is based on multivariable regression with panel data model using ordinary least squares method. Research evidence suggests that by adopting product diversification strategies, companies' reaction to the bankruptcy risk is negative. In other words, companies can use diversification strategies as a mechanism to get rid of bankruptcy when they are in critical situations. With 1% increase in diversity strategies, the risk of bankruptcy in the direction of adoption of the diversification strategy was 2. 20%, the non-relevant diversification strategy was 9. 9%, the diversification strategy was 4. 2% and the adoption of the competitive diversification strategy was 0/15% decreases.

The relationship between diversity and firm profitability represents a subject of considerable importance within the fields of strategic and financial management. The role of diversification strategy as a catalyst for competitive strategies has confirmed in the literature. This role becomes obvious in terms of the diversification benefits in enhancing the profitability of firms. The goal of this article is to study the effect of diversification strategy on the profitability of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. This research sample includes 78 companies of Tehran Stock exchange during 1387 to 1392 that it has selected by using systematic sampling method. In this study if the firm has the subsidiary unit, it will consider as a diversified firm. To test the research hypothesis have analyzed the multivariate regression models based on panel data. The findings reveal that the strategy of diversification has a positive and significant impact on profitability measures of return on sales and return on total assets.

This study investigates the dynamic relationship among diversification, capital structure and profitability of firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The research sample selected using systematic elimination method, consists of 140 firms listed in TSE from 2011 to 2017. The hypotheses are analyzed using the panel VAR approach. Impulse response functions illustrate significant dynamic interrelationships in the financial sector. The results indicate that any coincident increase in finance diversification and capital structure of a firm optimizes a its profitability, and any increase in profitability results in increase of diver sification and capital structure. With increasing diversification, profitability will increase and capital structure will decrease. Further, if capital structure increases, the profitability will increase and diversification will decrease in firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange.