In this paper, the dispersion of vulnerable households is determined in different geographical areas. For this purpose, we used the Proxy Means Test strategy, based on an assessment of individual households in the population. Using the Household Expenditure and Income Survey data, first, a regression model is designed with independent variables, which correlated with households’ income. Then the estimation of expected income is obtained for each household in the sample. This model is used for estimating the expected income for all settled households hand groups of households whose information was gathered in 2011 Population and Housing Census database. The results that are used for classifying all rural and urban areas across the country show that the Sistan and Baluchestan and Tehran provinces have the highest and lowest percentages of households in the first two deciles of expected income respectively. Also, Tehran and Bashagard cities respectively have the highest and lowest percentages of the households that belong to the first two deciles of expected income.

Size of banks is importance for the Basel Committee and other international regulatory organization. Basel Committee of banking supervision published guidelines in November 2011 for identification of important systemically banks in the countries. After identifying the types of banks in the banking system in each country; we can identify the possibility of potential losses and systemic risk. Large banks and important systemically banks can have different behaviors and their regulation vary from another bank.In this paper we survey that the changes in bank size and the relationship between bank stability and bank size. We survey that the banking variables can be effective on the size of the bank and bank stability. According to the results, there are the relationship between the size of the bank and bank stability in the Iranian banking system. This paper show that the squared of size bank can influence on stability banking. The managers with regard to the relationship between the size of banks and banking stability can be much more important influence on the stability of banks.

The performance of Iranian banking network listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange indicates that the accumulated losses have exceeded the risk limits, which may threatens the stability of the banking system. However, Contrary to the conventional belief, the augmentation of exchange rates could not improve the financial position of banking network. Hence, in this paper an attempt is made to investigate the impact of the estimated threshold level of the exchange rate on the financial stability of banking system. The explanatory variables of the model comprising the certain macroeconomic variables such as the rate of inflation, exchange rate, GDP growth rate, as well as the banks’ balance sheet variables including the profit, equity, Non-Performing Loans(NPL) and also the amount of loans extended to the customers. Due to key role assigned to the exchange rate as an anchor in the economy, we may envisage that the indefinite appreciation in the value of exchange rate does not necessarily enhance the financial position of banking system as we were witness in the Iranian economy in the past, but when the exchange rate rose from Rials 12260 in the 1391, the financial stability of banking system experienced the relative stable trend and subsequently with increasing the foreign exchange rate to the threshold level of Rials 45627, this trend continued to some extent. None the less, after reaching the designated threshold level, the financial stability of banks could change the direction showing that any movement of exchange rate beyond the threshold level of Rials 45627 could lead to reduction of banking stability in the Iranian economy. For this purpose, we applied the Generalized Method of Moment Method to estimate the model Viz-a-Viz employing the Dynamic Panel Data of 31 banks for the study period of 1385-1395 in the Iranian calendar.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of bank loan portfolio diversification and market structure on the financial stability of banks in the countrychr('39')s capital market. In order to achieve the above goal, the financial data of 17 banks have been used as unbalanced panels in the period from 2005 to 2018. In this study, data analysis was performed using fixed effects models and generalized method of moments (GMM). The results show that diversification and market centralized structure have a positive and significant effect on bankschr('39') financial stability, and the effect of loan diversification on financial stability depends on the level of market concentration. Also, by examining the effect of independent variables on the components of financial stability index, the results show that the diversity of loan portfolio and bank market structure has a positive effect on return on assets and a negative and significant effect on deviation of return on assets. It had a negative effect on the ratio of capital to assets.

A country’s economic growth is a function of several factors, such as population growth, inflation rate, government expenditures, investment in public and private sector, etc. This paper investigates the policies adopted by the Central Bank of Malaysia and the Central Bank of Islamic Republic of Iran in order to achieve financial stability and development.Among the most important parameters for financial stability are: Increasing stability and development in bank sector, public training for utilization of fiscal services, training managers and employees of financial institutes, development and support of small and medium sized industries, development of micro-finance, Anti Money-Laundering measures, development of insurance industry, and improving pay systems. In this paper some of these variables in Iran and Malaysia are compared and studied with a qualitative method.It seems that policies adopted by Malaysia’s BNM for achieving financial stability has a key role in the substantial increase of Malaysia’s per capita income by almost thirty times during the past four decades.

Background: Good and ethical governance has been proposed as one of the drivers of economic growth and development in the monetary system of countries and has attracted the opinion of policymakers in the banking system in order to improve productivity and financial stability. The present article, while classifying ethics, examines its function in the relationship between governance and financial stability of banks. In other words, Islamic and conventional banks were considered as the environment of ethics based on Sharia and conventional ethics, respectively. Method: The research method was quantitative-descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the present study consists of banks in countries that, in addition to conventional banking, also provide Islamic banking services to customers. The research sample included banks from the United Arab Emirates, Malaysia, Qatar, Bahrain and Indonesia, and Iran was added to the research environment due to special conditions in the monetary system. The sampling method was stratified random. By referring to documents, records and library studies, data were collected and the results were analyzed by performing regression statistical test. Results: The results show that in banks where Sharia-based ethics prevail, political stability and government effectiveness have a significant relationship with financial stability. Also, in banks where conventional ethics prevail, the rule of law and the control of corruption have a significant relationship with financial stability. Conclusion: Increasing the quality of public services, reducing bureaucracy, eliminating the direction of financial resources through political pressures and controlling sectarian differences will help the financial stability of Islamic banks and strengthen Sharia-based ethics. Conventional banks can also contribute to financial stability and improve ethics by focusing on stakeholder self-control.

Background Good and ethical governance has been proposed as one of the drivers of economic growth and development in the monetary system of countries and has attracted the opinion of policymakers in the banking system in order to improve productivity and financial stability. The present article, while classifying ethics, examines its function in the relationship between governance and financial stability of banks. In other words, Islamic and conventional banks were considered as the environment of ethics based on Sharia and conventional ethics, respectively. Method The research method was quantitative-descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the present study consists of banks in countries that, in addition to conventional banking, also provide Islamic banking services to customers. The research sample included banks from the United Arab Emirates, Malaysia, Qatar, Bahrain and Indonesia, and Iran was added to the research environment due to special conditions in the monetary system. The sampling method was stratified random. By referring to documents, records and library studies, data were collected and the results were analyzed by performing regression statistical test. Results The results show that in banks where Sharia-based ethics prevail, political stability and government effectiveness have a significant relationship with financial stability. Also, in banks where conventional ethics prevail, the rule of law and the control of corruption have a significant relationship with financial stability. Conclusion Increasing the quality of public services, reducing bureaucracy, eliminating the direction of financial resources through political pressures and controlling sectarian differences will help the financial stability of Islamic banks and strengthen Sharia-based ethics. Conventional banks can also contribute to financial stability and improve ethics by focusing on stakeholder self-control.