Background and Aim: Skeletal anchorage devices such as microimplants are successful attempts to have absolute anchorage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of immediate and delayed orthodontic loading on maxillary and mandibular microimplants regarding histologic responses and bone implant contact (BIC) in a dog.Materials and Methods: Thirty-two microimplants (Abso Anchor) were bilaterally placed in the mandibular premolar regions of four adult male dogs. The microimplants were divided into loaded and unloaded (control) groups. The control group had two subgroups of 4 and 8 weeks and the loaded group comprised two subgroups of immediate and delayed (after 4 weeks healing period) loading. Loaded samples were subjected to 200g load provided by Ni-Ti coil spring for 4 weeks. The decalcified specimens were prepared for histological examination under light microscope. The microimplants’ surrounding tissue was observed histologically and the bone implant contact (BIC) percentage was calculated in each sample. Three ways ANOVA was used to compare BICs in different groups.Results: Mobility was detected in two mandibular microimplants, so the survival rate was calculated as 93.7%. BIC values were not significantly different between loaded and unloaded groups, and between immediate and delayed loaded groups.Conclusion: Immediate or delayed loading of microimplants does not lead to significant difference in the bone-microimplant contact.

Introduction: Soft tissue grafts are used around dental implants for different purposes. Autogenous soft tissue graft techniques have yielded favorable results. However, these techniques increase the duration of surgery and postoperative complications. Allogeneic and xenogeneic tissues have advantages over autogenous grafts. Numerous studies have reported successful treatment outcomes with acellular dermal matrix (ADM) as an alternative to autogenous soft tissue for treating mucogingival defects around dental implants. This study aimed to review various soft tissue techniques around dental implants. Materials & Methods: In this systematic review, a search was run in four databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane until January 2020 with these key words: soft tissue augmentation, dental implants, keratinized gingiva and acellular dermal matrix. Results: Autogenous connective tissue graft is the gold standard technique for increasing the thickness of soft tissue around dental implants. The use of allogeneic materials as an alternative to these tissues is associated with some advantages. Conclusion: ADM is a suitable alternative for autogenous connective tissue grafts to increase the thickness and width of keratinized tissue around dental implants.

The aim of this research was to study tissue reaction following placement of titanium screws and two types of loading, delayed and immediate in femoral bone of rabbit .The sample consisted of 14 male New Zealand rabbits. As a control group, 2 rabbits had surgical procedure and right lateral surface of femoral bone was drilled and two holes were made with 1cm distance. In the second group (4 rabbits), two titanium screws (3mm diameter, 7mm length) were placed with 1cm distance. In the third group (4 rabbits) 4 oz traction force was applied on screws by S.S. Closed Coil Spring that covered with polyethylene tube and it was considered as immediate loading group. The last group (4 rabbits) had two steps surgical procedure. In the first step, screws were placed and after 8 weeks as healing period, screws were loaded as the mentioned third group. After two months samples were sacrificed and femur bones removed and fixed in 10% formalin. The results showed that there was not any displacement for all 24 screws and it was not statistically significant (P<0.001) which was tested with Paired t-test and Wilcoxon matched pairs. Similar histologic pattern included vital bone around the titanium screws and lack of inflammatory cells accumulation was seen using light microscope in all groups. Surrounding bone was of mature lamellar type. A thin layer of fibrous tissue (2-3 layers of cells) was seen between screws and interface. There was not any difference between histologic reaction of two immediate and delayed groups.According to the results of this study, an acceptable histologic compatibility exists between titanium screws and surrounding bone and immediate loading is an acceptable method of orthodontic anchorage preparation which can eliminate healing period of delayed loading.

Objective: Successful bonding of a dental implant to bone, which was referred to as osseointegration by Branernark has been well documented. However, long-term prognosis of an implant depends on adequate maintenance and long-term care. An effective maintenance program is required to preserve the health of peri-implant tissues. Several techniques have been suggested for this purpose; but it is not clear which is more efficient.Review of Literature: This review evaluates the literature regarding implant care and factors affecting the peri-implant soft tissue and describes the required measures for assessment of peri- implant status and treatment of reversible peri-implant diseases.Conclusion: Data shows that several measures can be taken to maintain the health of peri-implant tissue and ensure the long-term prognosis of dental implants.

Background and Aim: It is believed that a period of healing, approximately 3-4 months for mandible and 4-6 months for maxilla, are required to ensure osseointegration. Recently, a new method called Immediate loading of implants have been proposed. This method provides improved stability of the implant by the immediate support of an iterim prosthesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the success rate of the Immediate loading single OPILS dental implants.Materials and Methods: Thirty-nine patients, including 26 females and 13 males, at the minimum age of 18 and maximum age of 54 years old, received 48 OPILS dental implants. In this prospective study, all samples were non-smoking, without any systemic disease or psychological problem. In all cases, and acrylic prefabricated crown was placed immediately after implant surgery. The definitive metal-ceramic crown was placed 2.5 months later in mandible and 5.5 months later in maxillae. Lack of pain, pus, implant immobility and less than 1mm bone loss were criteria of success.Results: The oral hygiene of females were better than males, 26 women had plaque index (0) and 11 of them had plaque index (1) where as out of 13 male subjects, 4 had plaque index (0), 6 had plaque index (2) and (3) had plaque index (3). The mean vertical bone loss, on mesial and distal parts, were less than 1mm, with the min. of 0 and max. of 0.4mm and the average of 0.2mm. All implants pass the defined criteria of success.Conclusion: On the basis of this short-term study, in single tooth cases, OPILS implants of Neo-Dent system can be loaded immediately.

Introduction: As implant treatment becomes part of the mainstream dental therapy, dental practitioners should become familiar with protocols for individualized, systematic and continuous supportive care of peri-implant tissues. The present review was undertaken to evaluate and prepare guidelines for therapeutic and care techniques after implant placement.Search strategy: All the relevant articles indexed in Pubmed, Google Scholar and Science Direct databases from 1970 to 2014 were searched. After studying 120 article abstracts, 80 articles whose full texts were accessible were selected. Based on the 2003 recommendations of American Academy of Periodontology, patients should be evaluated at regular intervals to monitor their peri-implant status and the condition of the implant-supported prostheses, for plaque control, for evaluation of occlusion and for oral hygiene. Assessment of patients’ medical and dental histories, soft tissues, plaque index, clinical probing depth, bleeding on probing, presence of keratinized tissue, mobility, occlusion and bone level are recommended during the maintenance period. In cases of peri-implantitis, the mucosal lesion is often associated with suppuration, deepening of the clinical probing depth, bleeding on probing and loss of supporting marginal bone. Care and treatment suggested include proper oral hygiene, removal of supra- and subgingival plaque and calculus, occlusal adjustment, relining of prostheses and surgery.Results: This review outlined a standardized, evidence-based assessment and intervention protocol to assist practitioners in the maintenance care of dental implants. Now that implant therapy has become a part of the mainstream dental treatment, it is important to identify patients at risk for peri-implantitis and to reinstate an appropriate maintenance protocol. It is suggested that the presence of implant mucositis lesions be determined due to the possibility of progression of this condition to peri-implantitis.

Statement of Problem: Many authors have claimed that pulpal inflammation may occur following periodontal diseases. Appropriate diagnosis of different lesions that have affected the dental pulp or periodontium is critical for prevention of unnecessary or harmful treatments; this must be taken into account before treatment.Purpose: The purpose of this study was histological evaluation of the pulp in the teeth with advanced periodontitis.Materials and Method: 30 permanent single teeth root that had advanced periodontitis with attachment loss ³5 mm at least in one surface were used. The teeth were not maintainable and did not have caries, restoration and any sign of primary trauma from occlusion and did not receive any periodontal professional treatment in the past 6 months with no background of trauma. After clinical and radiographical examination and confirmation of the existence of advanced periodontitis, the teeth were extracted. Then cracks were created in the teeth by special clips. After fixation of the teeth in 10% formalin solution and decalcification by 10% nitric acid, the sections were prepared and stained by hematoxylin and eosin and then evaluated from histological perspectives. The data were analyzed by Spearman correlation coefficient ANOVA, t-test and Kruskal wallis tests.Results: In this survey, we did not find any significant correlation between clinical findings and histopathological situation. The relationship between clinical attachment loss and pulp diagnosis was statistically significant (p=0.043). Also there was a statistically significant relationship between clinical attachment loss and calcification in the pulp (p=0.014).Conclusion: According to the result of this research, it seems that periodontal condition affects the pulpal condition and it should be considered in future treatments on these teeth.