The main objective of the present study; Standardization, validity and reliability of the scale, the positive and negative affectivity as a psychological construct based on the theory that fits the cultural and social values and norms of society. The present Study is descriptive (exploratory) Research. The population of all undergraduate and postgraduate students of Islamic Azad University, Mazandaran West. in a study of 420 randomly Mazandaran University of West participated in the study. To examine the correlation analysis Cronbach's alpha coefficient and validity of the formula And validity through principal component (PC) To study the basic structure of the questionnaire, The final stage of the extracted factors using varimax rotation, All these methods for structure determination was performed using the compute;r Finally, Z and T tests were used for standard applications. The results of this study indicate that Sensation Seeking Scale positive and negative Panas Among students of Islamic Azad University West province has adequate validity and reliability Sensation Seeking Scale positive and negative that can be said at present considering the long run"Up to 10 to 15 minutes." Methods "in both solo and group of" ease of scoring the test is considered the most important aspects of practicality; It is  quite a good tool for measuring sensation seeking scale. In addition to an overview of the instrument can measure sensation seeking as a valid and reliable instrument for psychological research is, sociological, and of counseling centers and of personality used. The results of the factor analysis indicated that the scale has six operating.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the moderating role of positive and negative affectivity on the relationship between attachment styles and dyadic adjustment. Participants consisted of 378 married individuals (194 women, 184 men). All of whom completed the Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI), The Glombok-Rust Inventory of Marital State Questionnaire (GRIMS), and The Positive and Negative Emotionality Scale (PNES). The results showed a significant positive correlation between secure attachment style and positive affectivity with dyadic adjustment. Insecure attachment styles (avoidant and ambivalence) and negative affectivity showed a significant negative correlation with dyadic adjustment. Analysis of data also revealed that the relationship between secure and insecure ambivalence attachment styles and dyadic adjustment were moderated by negative affectivity. Increasing levels of negative affectivity was accompanied stronger relationship between secure and insecure ambivalence attachment styles and dyadic adjustment. It can be concluded that attachment styles as well as positive and negative affectivity can predict dyadic adjustment.

Factor analyses that have beel1 administrated on the self-report mood questionnaires, consistently emerged two dominant dimensions that are called positive and negative affects. These two affective dimensions are associated with different classes of psychological variables. Negative affect is related to self-reported stress, poor coping, health complaints, and frequency of unpleasant events. This dimension is the common factor of anxiety and depression disorders. Positive affect is related to social activity and satisfaction and the frequency of pleasant events. Low positive affect is the specific factor of depression. In this study the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) was administrated on 255 university students with anxiety and depression disorders. The accuracy of factor structure, construct validation, and reliability of the PANAS was evaluated by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The scales are shown to satisfy the two factor model (p<0.01). The structural relation of negative and positive affect with anxiety and depression was consistent with previous studies (p<0.05). The reliability of subscales were 0.87.

Regarding to this issue that scientific reliable results have been not possible without precise tools, present research has been done to examine psychometric properties of positive and negative affect (PANAS). with the use of random-cluster method 527 students from Azad university in Tehran were selected and answered to the PANAS. this scale consisted of 20 items and has been graded based on 5 point likert spectrum. After performing exploratory factor analysis and principal component analysis using varimax rotation performed, finding indicated that factor structure of the scale has two dimension and the factors predicted 43.631% of total variances. the internal consistency is 0.777. Two kind of norms were prepared, percentage wise norm and category wise norm. Based on conclusion of this study PANAS has acceptable validity and reliability so is proper to use in Iranian samples.

Introduction: The main Aim of the present research was to identify the factor structure of Postive and negative syndrome scale in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Method: One hundred fifty patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (84 schizophrenics, 66 schizoaffective) in Fatemi and Eisar hospitals in Ardabil were selected by available sampling method and were asked to answer the Positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). The raw data were analyzed by factor analysis, and discriminate analysis statistical tests.Results: In schizophrenia group, factor analysis of PANSS showed six factors, which included high tension, Poor rapport, delusion, Blunted affect, Conceptual disorganization and avolition, in the schizoaffective group six factors were identified namely: Blunted affect, distractibility, disintegration, high tension, Excitation and delusion. Result of discriminate analysis showed that 47.1% of disorders were correctly classified by PANSS.Conclusion: The results suggest that exploratory factor structure of positive and negative symptoms scale (PANSS) in the two groups of patients with schizophrenia disorders and schizoaffective disorder are different. Therefore, this instrument has acceptable construct validity in the diagnosis and clinical research.

Introduction: The goal of this research was to investigate psychometric properties of the of state and trait forms of positive and negative affect (PANAS).Method: This correlation study had a sample of 447 randomly selected students (191 male, 256 female) from Shiraz University. They completed PANAS and anxiety and depression subscales of the sympoms check list-revised (SCL-90-R).Results: Factor analysis showed that each of state and trait forms of PANAS have two factors labeled positive and negative effects. In concurrent validity, correlation coefficients of negative affect in the trait form of PANAS with depression and anxiety subscales of the SCL-90-R were 0.67 and 0.56 respectively. Furthermore, correlation coefficients of positive affect in trait form of PANAS with depression and anxiety subscales of the SCL-90-R were -0.32 and -0.40, respectively. As for reliability, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for state and trait forms of PANAS were between 0.82 and 0.88.Conclusion: The state and trait of the PANAS have appropriate reliability and validity and are suitable scales for research and clinical applications.

The title of this research should not delude the reader into assuming that the aim of study is to analyze and judge theories of feminism including various schools of thought. Rather this investigation has used the term "feminism" in that it is popularly utilized by Iranians to refer to issues of women's rights. It is sometimes observed that the advocates of Feminism have no knowledge of its different schools of thought and various sub- disciplines. The main aim of this essay is to outline the ideas and conducts of some Iranian women in their everyday life which are consciously or unconsciously interpreted from the feminist perspective. This critical examination highlights two types of women: resentful and critical.Resentment is taken as a category more akin to Max Scheler’s thought than to Nietzsche’s approach. Resentful women are those who want to take an impotent revenge to establish their identity negatively.Critical depicts a Socratic citizen. Those who by accepting Marcusian and Irigaraian difference, engage in knowing about themselves and act as a mature participant to change their life as well as other people's. They foster common happiness and as a good citizen gain their rights.Cinema is the medium of research. The findings of this article are based on critical evaluation of two popular feature films, which depict either the passive surrender to the imperatives of reified situation or active participation to bring out “happiness” from the harsh realities of life, to give hope and make utopia of good life feasible.