Background & Objectives: The first Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy surgery was performed by Erich Muhe in 1985.Nowadays in developed countries, more than 90% of cholecystectomy surgeries are done by Laparoscopic method and it is one of the most common elective surgeries. The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency and side effects of this method and the rate of conversion to open surgery patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery in Sabalan and ARTA hospitals in Ardabil province.Methods: This descriptive analytical study was performed between October 2006 and January 2009 We have studied 200 patients (24 male, 176 female) with cholecystitis (symptomatic gallstones) treated by Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy surgery. Data were collected through questionnaires and telephone calls (at least 6 months after surgery). Data analysis was done by SPSS statistical software and chi-square test. p<0.05 was considered as significant.Results: The average age of patients was 44.6 years. In the final diagnosis, 168 patients (84%) had chronic cholecystitis and 32 patients (16%) had acute cholecystitis. The rate of conversion to open surgery was 8 patients (4%). Eight cases (4%) were suffered organic side effects including: four cases (2%) jaundice after surgery, 1 case (0.5%) postoperative fever, 1 case (0.5%) leakage of bile, 1 case (0.5%) slight leaking of serum from the surgical site and 1 case (0.5%) associated with increased liver enzymes that had no other symptoms. About the risk factors for conversion to open surgery, there was significant correlation between acute cholecystitis and male gender. Information about the satisfaction of patients after surgery showed that, 89.5% were completely satisfied, 2.5% were completely dissatisfied and 8% were relatively dissatisfied. No deaths were seen.Conclusion: Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is a standard selective treatment method for gallbladder stones. It has many advantages including; reduced duration of hospitalization, less pain, reduced morbidity and less side effects than open surgery, lower recovery period and faster return to normal life.

The CANSAT design, a simple and small scale of a satellite, is an experience for preparing for the design of a Life cycle of the space project. In this paper, the process of design and construction of ARTA CanSat, which is participated in the scientific-exploratory class of international competition in CANSAT Iran, has been written. The operation scenario is that an automatic scanner system, lands after releasing from 300 meters above ground level with using a recovery subsystem (parachute), which is controlled its downfall and landing position by the parachute controller system. During the descent, the data is transmitted by the sensors and sent to the ground station. After touchdown, the Hotwire system's operates and separates the parachute from the Rover section; Then CanSat with the moving on the ground by using the simpler section embedded underneath the structure, performing excavation while moving to the target point. Throughout the mission, the health of the biological payload is preserved.

In most manufacturing environments, it is difficult to ship directly from the manufacturer to the customer. Therefore, a middle point is necessary for the communication between manufacturers and customers. The traditional warehouse is not favored by current companies due to the cost of maintaining the inventory and laborious labor costs of order selection, storage and order taking. Therefore, logistics techniques that can help reduce inventory costs while increasing the flow of goods and shortening the transportation cycle are a significant approach for these companies. A transit loader is a special type of warehouse where the received products are immediately loaded to the exit dock door within 24 hours. As a result, order picking and storage activities can be minimized or eliminated.The purpose of this research is to investigate the location criteria of transit load (case study: Ardabil ARTA Profile Company). The statistical population of this research includes all industrial engineers, production planners based in ARTA Profile Company, Ardabil. According to Thomas Saati, 10 industry experts have been selected as a statistical sample. The tool used in this research is a researcher-made questionnaire. In this research, the ANP method is used to prioritize the location of the transit load and to prioritize it, and the Fuzzy DEMATEL method is used to identify the severity of the cause and effect relationships of the transit load location. For this purpose, 28 criteria have been selected according to the opinion of industry experts. The results obtained from the network analysis method show that the first criterion of the vehicle routing problem with a value of 0.34 is higher than the rest of the dimensions. The results of the Fuzzy Dimetal method show that the distribution centers are in the first place, the reduction of delivery/distribution operations is in the second place, and the cost of lateness and early delivery is in the last place.

Inscriptions are one of the most important historical references that are vital to the study of ancient history. Not only with studying inscriptions helps us directly understand very important historical point, but also we can challenge existing doubts and prejudices. According to historical linguistics, there are different subjects: political, military, social, cultural and economical subjects and also the changes in the regulations. While the most important subject in the Achaemenids inscriptions which can be surveyed in the side of religious scopes, such as monotheism and religious negligence upon the beliefs of the followers. At the other side it contains moral values such as truthfulness, honesty, gratefulness and freedom. These values all show the peaceful religious policy of the Achaemenids kings and also show their lawful positions.Undoubtedly, the most amount of the Achaemenids inscriptions are related to Darius the Great (BC 521-486) and the most special epigraph among all is the Bistoon inscription which is so important in the historical researches. By studying these inscriptions we can not only understand the historical points of the era but also to a considerable degree the religious policy of the Achaemenids. In this essay, with the great inspection of the Achaemenids inscription, it has been made efforts to find out how the religious policy and the legal position of the Achaemenids king were gained at the period.

Salinity is one of the most important environmental factors that severely inhibit plant growth. To improve the salinity tolerance of wheat through diallel cross, six modified genotypes (ARTA, Bezvestia, Koohdasht, Moghan3, Ohadi, and Star), 15 hybrids of crossing these genotypes (Bezvestia×Koohdasht, Bezvestia×Ohadi, Bezvestia×Moghan3, Bezvestia×ARTA, Bezvestia×Star, Koohdasht×Ohadi, Koohdasht×Moghan3, Koohdasht×ARTA, Koohdasht×Star, Ohadi×Moghan3, Ohadi×ARTA, Ohadi×Star, Moghan3×ARTA, Moghan3×Star, ARTA×Star) in two levels of salinity (0. 20 ds. m-1), were sown in greenhouse as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. The estimation of electrical conductivity of water and inlet solutions and water output from the pot had been lasted for two weeks, and followed by traits such as leaf relative water content, osmotic regulation, seed yield, 100 seed weight, seed number per spike, and activity of catalase and peroxidase enzymes were measured. The results of the experiment showed that with increasing salinity, the traits related to the yield and relative content of water of wheat bread leaf decreased significantly. The traits related to yield and relative content of leaf water in ARTA and Ohadi genotypes showed the highest decrease in stress conditions than control, while the progenies obtained from the cross between these two sensitive genotypes showed a significant decrease in the traits related to yield. The rate of activity of a catalase-peroxidase enzyme in stress conditions in the crossroads caused by the confluence of Bezostaya and Kohdasht due to heterozygosity in both parents that resulted in resistance to stress conditions. Considering the superiority of heterozygosity through intelligent crossings, it can be taken measures to improve the salt tolerance of herbs.

High yield and yield stability across a range of environmental conditions is one of the main objectives of crop breeding programs. In this study, white sugar yield stability of nine sugar beet cultivars commercially released in Iran from 2011 to 2020 with an introduced foreign cultivar as check was evaluated using randomized complete block design with four replications in six research field stations,Karaj, Ardabil, Kermanshah, Mashhad, Moghan, Miandoab, in four cropping seasons 2017-2021. The combined analysis of variance revealed that effects of genotype, year, location, and year × location, genotype × year, genotype × location and genotype × year × location were significant (p ≤ 0. 01) on white sugar yield. Analysis of genotype × environment interaction showed that the first seven components were significant (p ≤ 0. 01). Based on AMMI1 analysis, cv. Asia, cv. Shokoufa and cv. ARTA had white sugar yield stability. Linear mixed model analysis showed that the effects of genotype and genotype × environment interaction were significant (p ≤ 0. 01) on white sugare yield. Based on the BLUP method, cv. Perfecta, cv. Asia and cv. Shokoufa had the highest predicted mean value of white sugar yield. Biplot of white sugar yield with the WAASB index showed that cv. Asia, cv. ARTA and cv. Shokoufa had higher sugar yield as well as higher white sugar yield stability. Ranking of sugar beet cultivars based on WAASB/white sugar yield ratio identified cv. ARTA, cv. Asia and cv. Shokoufa as high yielding with white sugar yield stability. Simultaneous ranking and selection of cultivars based on 50: 50 WAASB/white sugar yield ratio resulted the same. Therefore, cv. Asia followed by cv. Shokoufa and cv. ARTA had relatively higher WAASBY indices. Considering the results of this study, cv. Asia, cv. Shokoufa and cv. ARTA were identified as high yielding with higher white sugar yield stability.

To study the effects of different planting dates and plant density on morphological traits of two wheat lines an experiment was performed at Moghan Agricultural Research Center in 2008. The experiment was done in split-split plot design. Four planting dates (November 6‚ November 21‚ December 6 and December 21) were assigned to plot‚ two wheat varieties to sub plot and four seed density (300‚ 350‚400 and 450 grain per square meter) to sub subplot with three replications. The results showed that the November 6th planting with 7397 kg/h was one of the best planting times based on grain yield. There was significant difference among wheat varieties based on harvest index‚ number of spikelet‚ plat height and panicle length with the probability of %1‚and with regard to the number of grain in a panicle this difference was around %5. Regarding those features there were not significant differences between ARTA and Moghan-3. Different Grain densities for grain yield‚ panicle length and number of grain in the panicle in the %5 probability were significant. Seed density of 350 per square meter was 7170 kg/m‚ panicle of 9.08 and 42.43 grain in a panicle. Also‚ the effect of planting time on grain yield‚ harvest index‚ number of tillers‚ and peduncle length was significant. The correlation of variety and density on grain yield was meaning full‚ too. Third planting date‚ and second density had the best results in grain yield. Although variety was not of significant for grain yield‚ Moghan-3 had more grain yield compared to ARTA. For Moghan-3 variety third planting time and for ARTA the first planting time seems the best. We also made the correlation between variety density significant so that Moghan-3 variety in second density and ARTA variety in third density produced the most grain yield. Finally‚ based on these experiment results it is recommended to plant Moghan-3 with 350 seed density in a square meter in the first half of November and ARTA with 400 seed density in the second half of November. In this study the correlation between grain yield and fertile tiller was found to be positive but non-significant‚ with the number of spike lets negative and non-significant. So it is useful to use ideal fertile tiller varieties when we want to choose suitable planting varieties.