In this paper a new method based on multistage fuzzy CONTROL using intelligent ‎optimization techniques is proposed to optimize the AUTOMATIC train CONTROL system. In ‎this method the energy function which elaborates the train power consumption is first ‎minimized by applying Kuhn Tucker conditions. As a result the switching points at ‎which the CONTROL strategies are changed between acceleration coasting constant speed ‎and braking are determined considering the track specifications including gradients ‎and curvatures as well as the practical train model. Since in constant speed strategy ‎the energy optimization leads to infinite changes in CONTROL inputs which is not ‎practically possible a multistage fuzzy CONTROL based on fuzzy dynamic programming ‎with fuzzy termination time is incorporated to overcome this difficulty. Multistage ‎fuzzy CONTROL will optimize other significant goals involving safety traceability in ‎speed and accuracy in distance and limit the number of switching among different ‎strategies. Hence the method will satisfy the practical requirements. This method ‎considers the running time between two stations as independent and CONTROLlable ‎variables therefore the calculated strategies are very useful and appropriate for traffic ‎CONTROL which the time regulations make a vital and important role. The simulation ‎results will demonstrate the efficiency of proposed method.‎

For performance improvement and higher flexibility in irrigation networks, application of AUTOMATIC systems are expanding and evaluation of their success for achieving the objectives is necessary. Considering various equipment, algorithms, and their applications in different levels of irrigation networks, performance of AUTOMATIC systems is a function of the performance of all elements, therefore development of performance evaluation model which takes into account all required aspect is necessary. In this study for performance evaluation AUTOMATIC systems in irrigation networks, INACSEM model is developed, using classical method in terms of technical and general aspects. Technical aspect includes equipment, software and CONTROL structures, and general aspect consists of management, social, economic and environmental aspects. Result of the model for AUTOMATIC monitoring systems (Arian,  2000) in Aghili canal of Gotvand irrigation network shows that performance of the system is 63% with 80% credibility. The result show that the developed model is a suitable tool for performance evaluation of AUTOMATIC systems used in irrigation networks, which considers all necessary aspects of performance evaluation of AUTOMATIC systems, and shows the problems of each element of the system.

Background: Different automated systems have been developed to improve the maintenance of target range of arterial oxygen saturation (SPO2) in premature infants with respiratory distress. Objectives: This study aimed to develop a remote closed-loop AUTOMATIC oxygen CONTROL (RCLAC) as an efficient monitoring device. Then the means of the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) and SPO2 by routine manual CONTROL (RMC) and RCLAC were compared. Methods: A developmental-descriptive study was carried out in an Iranian hospital (Tehran, Iran,2015-2017). Twenty-two preterm infants with gestational age 24-28 weeks entered the study. A database was prepared based on pulse oximeter parameters. A Wi-Fi module was implemented to receive data from a pulse oximeter and send inputs to the user’, s mobile. Vibrate alarm was implemented for high or low FIO2. After receiving notifications associated with an increase or decrease of FIO2 levels and user’, s confirmation,the alterations were applied on the ventilator. Results: The mean FIO2 in the RMC system was significantly higher than the RCLAC system (98. 1, 2. 67 vs 79. 5, 16. 03,P = 0. 0001). According to the results, when the SPO2 reached close to target SPO2 range and consequently FIO2 changed (decreased or increased based on target SPO2), heart rate showed a regular beating with a decrease in the numbers. Conclusions: Remote closed-loop AUTOMATIC oxygen CONTROL system as a simple device could prevent preterm neonates from sustained hypo-hyperoxemic and arrhythmia episodes. Moreover, by using RCLAC, there was no need for continuous monitoring that may reduce the workload of NICU medical staff. Collecting reliable data and recording information in digital forms were also other benefits. Further studies with larger sample size are strongly suggested.

One of the main requirements for providing software security is the enforcement of access CONTROL policies which aim to protect resources of the system against unauthorized accesses. Any error in the implementation of such policies may lead to undesirable outcomes. For testing the implementation of access CONTROL policies, it is preferred to use automated methods which are faster and more reliable. Although several researches are conducted for automated testing of the specification of access CONTROL policies at the design phase, there is not enough research on testing their implementation. In addition, since access CONTROL is amongst non-functional requirements of the system, it is not easy to test them along with other requirements of the system by usual methods. To address this challenge, in this paper, we propose an automated method for testing the implementation of access CONTROL in a system. This method, as a model based technique, is able to extract test cases for evaluating the access CONTROL policies of the system under test. To generate test cases AUTOMATICally, a combination of behavior model of the system and the specification of access CONTROL policies are used. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is able to find the failures and cover most of the code that is related to access CONTROL policies.

A common method for CONTROLling a group of parallel converters in decentralized CONTROL strategy structure in an island microgrid, the use is the droop-down characteristics of frequency ω-P and voltage E-Q. However, the problem with using this method is that the reactive power is not properly distributed (in proportion to the capacity of the micronutrients) between the micronutrients, which may lead to overload in the converters. Microgrids may also suffer from dynamic stability problems such as power fluctuations, which can be increased by switching between active and reactive power CONTROL. To avoid this problem, the X / R ratio of transmission lines is an important parameter that should be carefully considered in the design of micronutrient CONTROLlers. By linearizing and simplifying conditions, the CONTROL system conversion function model becomes a single input-single output system, which is efficient enough to show the relationship between CONTROL parameters such as slope of droop characteristics and derivative sentences, virtual impedance, and voltage CONTROLlers. Using this model, stability conditions for different parameters are analyzed. Also, to improve power distribution stability, common droop strategies are modified by adjusting the slope as well as adding nonlinear sentence sections. This approach reduces the coupling between active and reactive power CONTROL and reduces the dependence of power distribution on grid parameters such as the X / R ratio. To evaluate the reliability of the proposed model, the simulation results in a sample island microgrid in MATLAB software are presented.

When a natural gas pipeline ruptures, the adjacent AUTOMATIC line CONTROL valves (ALCVs) should close quickly to prevent leakage or explosion. The differential pressure set point (DPS) at each valve location is the main criteria for value setting in ALCV action. If the DPS is not properly adjusted, the ALCV may mistakenly close or it may not take any action at proper time. This study focused on the DPS values prediction for setting ALCV installed on a gas pipeline with 1mm orifice diameter. The effect of characteristic parameters such as pipeline operational pressure (POP) and pipeline pressure drop rate (ROD) due to rupture or major leak was experimentally investigated on DPS. Twenty-five different conditions with double set of typical mentioned characteristic parameters were chosen. For each condition, the differential pressure (DP) was measured over 180 seconds by analyzing the experimental values. Therefore, 25 maximum DP values (DPSs) were obtained. The DPS increases by increase in ROD or decreasing POP parameters. Because of using nitrogen gas instead of natural gas due to safety reasons, the DPS results can be practically applied by adding a safety factor of 15%. The diagram of DPS with respect to ROD and non-dimensional DPS (DOP) versus non-dimensional ROD (RTP) was provided for different POPs.

Recent advances in power system monitoring and CONTROL require communication infrastructure to send and receive measurement data and CONTROL commands. These cyber-physical interactions, despite increasing efficiency and reliability, have exposed power systems to cyber attacks. The AUTOMATIC Generation CONTROL (AGC) is one of the most important CONTROL systems in the power system, which requires communication infrastructure and has been highly regarded by cyber attackers. Since a successful attack on the AGC, not only has a direct impact on the system frequency, but can also affect the stability and economic performance of the power system. Therefore, understanding the impact of cyber attacks on AGC and developing strategies to defend against them have necessity and research importance. In most of the research in the field of attack-defense of AGC, the limitations of AGC in modeling such as governor dead band and communication network transmission delay have been ignored. On the other hand, considering two cyber attacks on the AGC and proposing a way to defend against them simultaneously, have not been considered. In this paper, while using the improved AGC model including governor dead band and communication network transmission delay, the effect of two attacks-data injection attack (FDI) and delay attack which are the most important cyber attacks on AGC-has been investigated. Also, the simultaneous effect of these two attacks is discussed as a combined cyber attack. The Kalman filter-based three-step defense method has been proposed to detect, estimate and mitigate the impact of the attacks and its effectiveness has been tested on the two-area AGC system.