One of the methods of interpreting the Qur'an is the mystical method. Some recent and past commentators have shown in their works that they pay special attention to this method in interpreting the Qur'an. In this method of interpreting the Qur'an, the commentators try to extract mystical hints and nuances from the verses of the Qur'an. This article uses a descriptive-analytical method and library studies to express the methodology of two interpretations "Tafseer al-Qur'an al-Azeem" and "Tafsir Bayan al-Saada fi Maqamat al-Ibadah" and compare them. Imam Sahl bin Abdullah Tustari (200-283 AH), one of the commentators in the past, has used the mystical method in the interpretation of the verses in his Tafsir called "Tafsir al-Qur'an al-Azeem". He did not interpret the Qur'an verse by verse, but spoke of limited verses in each chapter. On the other hand, Sultan Alishah Gonabadi (1251-1327 AH), another commentator in the past, used the mystical method in the interpretation of the divine verses in his interpretation called Tafsir Bayan al-Saada fi Maqamat al-Ibadah. In this book, all the chapters and verses of the Holy Qur'an are interpreted. In addition, the comparative interpretations of Qur'anic verses on Sufi terms and teachings are very prominent in this commentary, and it is an emerging phenomenon among the mystical interpretations of Shia.

Al-Azeem as an international riverine wetland on the border of Iran and Iraq, fed by domestic and foreign runoff, has recently undergone changes such as reducing discharge and increasing industrial pollution because of various natural and human reasons. In this regard, this fragile environment and its nearby villages (with low, reducing and semi-migratory population) must be studied through field and local research. This is an applied, descriptive-analytic study, with a documentary and survey method for data collection. The study population was 120 heads of households and/or available informant people over 25 years old in 10 villages of Dasht-e Azadegan County. The study questionnaire was prepared in consultation with academic experts. It is rated based on a 5-point Likert-type scale with regard to specific local conditions. The validity of the questionnaire was estimated based on the Cronbach a (0.812). Indexes of economic and social consequences of water scarcity were examined via using the Chi-square test at significance level of 0.05. Placing 83% of these outcomes in the first order, showed the negative effect of water shortage on social and economic lives of villagers. According to the findings and observations, we recommend some suggestions such as following water right of environment, lowering oil activities, executing necessary standards of environment, tourism promotion, and more research on feasible solutions of water shortage of the wetland were recommend.

In this research, soil pollution with petroleum constituents in Azeem-Abad area (south of Tehran's oil refinery) has been studied. Since a decade ago, the soil and groundwater in the area have been polluted due to leaking of petroleum constituents from the underground storage tanks, worn out transitory pipes, and solid wastes resulting from the raw oil refining processes. To investigate the soil pollution in the area, geotechnical tests (including grain size distribution, plastic and liquid limits, permeability, and in-situ specefic gravity), and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) analysis were carried out on soil samples. The total and leachable concentration of the contaminants were determined (leachable concentration of the compounds was measured using toxicity characteristics leaching procedure test, TCLP). Moreover, the allowable contaminants concentration's in soil were procured utilizing U.S.EPA recommended levels. The comparison of current soil pollution with the allowable contaminant levels indicated that the soil in some parts of the area was defiled with the petroleum constituents and the pollutants have the potential of leakings to groundwater. At the end, based on the soil sample's results and analysis, some strategies to control the pollution development in the area have been presented and suitable remediation procedures (such as solidification/stabilization, soil flushing, and soil vapour extraction) are suggested.

Introduction The water crisis is one of the most important environmental threats of the 21st century, which leaves negative effects in various sectors of agriculture, social, economic, health, international relations, and also the environment. This issue has caused a crisis in the political relations of the countries that have common watersheds. Therefore, due to the importance of water resources, water geopolitics or hydropolitics has become a topic and has provided the context for patterns of interaction, and cooperation or conflict between groups, political actors and countries. The relations between Iran and Iraq have been critical for several decades due to geopolitical factors such as the water issue. Because Iraq has faced water problems in the Tigris and Euphrates river basins due to Turkey's actions. Therefore, it is expected that Iran will take preventive measures against the desired water transfer projects in the Little Zab River, Alvand and Sirvan river basins. Hor al-Azeem is the largest common border wetland between Iran and Iraq In the last two decades, with the occurrence of severe droughts, the implementation of dam construction programs and numerous drainage irrigation networks on the Karkheh River and its tributaries, unfavorable conditions have been created in terms of providing environmental water rights for this wetland, which has become a source of fine dust production. has become and as a result has caused many environmental, social, political and economic problems. Methodology Based on the descriptive-analytical method and through the use of documents, evidence and historical evidence related to the subject of the research, this research has investigated the hydropolitical effects of Horul Azim on the environmental damage of Iran and Iraq. Results and Discussion The main source of water supply for Horul Azim Wetland is a part of Tigris river in Iraq and Karkheh river in Iran. One of the major problems in the Horul Azim wetland is the discussion of dam construction in the Euphrates river basins in Turkey. Considering the fact that this dam is located on the border of southeast Turkey and its construction on the Tigris River, which flows into Iraq and has made Iran's environment dependent on it, this issue is of great importance for Iran. Among other potential areas of wetland crisis, we can mention the Karkheh basin in Iran and the Tigris and Euphrates basins. The Horul Azim wetland in Iran is also damaged due to the lack of water due to the use of water from the rivers entering the wetland for agricultural purposes and the entry of sewage into it. Among the destructive actions of the Iraqi government that have caused the drying up of Horal Hamar, Central Hor and Hor al Azim. One of these measures that contributed to the accelerated drying of wetlands was the drainage measures in Iraq. Creating dams on the branches of the Tigris that irrigate Horul-Azeem and Horul-Huweza and divert the water from the main route to the routes intended by the Iraqi government so that water can be transferred for agriculture in dry areas was another measure in this field. Another challenge in the field of environment is the micro dust crisis. The important role of Hor-ul-Azeem wetland in neutralizing the storm dust that comes from the Rab-al-Khali desert towards Iran has been lost due to the drying up of this wetland. This wetland has not only lost its suction properties, but also adds to the deterioration of the fine dust situation in Khuzestan by accumulating fine-grained sediments along with very fine salt sediments on its bed, when the winds blow from the southwest to the northeast. Conclusion Horul Azim wetland is one of the most important natural Frontiers in the border region of Iran and Iraq, which is exposed to the crisis of drying up and the occurrence of social and biological phenomena in Iraq and Iran. Oil extraction by the countries of Iran and Iraq in the eastern and western parts of the wetland and not paying attention to the biological condition of the wetland has caused the pollution and drying of a large part of the wetland bed, especially in Iraq. The drying up of the wetland has caused the occurrence of dust, as well as increased migration from border cities to internal cities (Iran and Iraq) and increased air temperature in these areas, especially in summer. Also, in Iran, successive droughts and the increase in cultivated area in in the Karkhe river basin (from upstream to downstream), and the development of fish breeding ponds have made it unable to provide the natural water rights of the wetland in the past years.

IntroductionThe construction date of the ‘Twelve ImamsMausoleum’ in Yazd goes back to the end of the Buyidsand Daylamites periods. The architectural ornaments of this building include murals, plasterworks, faience mosaics, and brickworks; also, an inscription with decorative Kufic script has decorated its parts. The research conducted on this building is limited to the architecture and restoration of its external walls, while the dome has valuable ornaments, including the inscription of ‘Ayatul Kursi’ in its Grivar. This inscriptionis implemented using the technique of ‘painting on plaster’. This historical monument has been seriously damaged due to the age of the building and the destructive environmental effects on it. These damages are either erosion destroying the appearance of the building or the structural destruction destroying the foundation of the building; therefore, knowing the damage so as to prevent further destruction and reconstruction is of particular importance to preserving this thousand-year-old monument.Research MethodThis research tries to study the damages inflicted on this inscription with the help of reconstruction and damage photography. It, also, tries to to know the structure and motifs used in it in comparison with similar inscriptions. The questions raised in this research were: 1- What were the damages caused to the Grivar inscription in the Twelve Imams Mausoleum? 2- What was the general structure and decorations used for this ornament? This research was descriptive-analytical, and data collection was based on library studies and field surveys. Its approach in the image processing section of the inscription to determine the amount of damage was quantitative, and in the structural analysis it was qualitative. The primary research sources were provided using field photography; the damage mapping of the sides of the inscription was reconstructed based on photographs and images; image processing was provided using a computer program and a color analysis method. The images processed based on color; the numerical results were separated and analyzed based on tables, and the possibility of reproducing the inscription provided the conditions for its structural investigation concerning the analysis of external components and visual features.Research FindingsThe mentioned inscription is in Kufic (Moashaq Moshajar) script, written in dark azure color on a plaster base. This inscription began with "Bismillah" from the third side of the top of the entrance door and ended with the phrase ‘Al-Ali al-Azeem’ at the end of the eighth side. Over time, damages were imposed on this inscription, leading to the destruction of many parts. Among these damages were humidity, mud,and water flow from the upper parts on the surface of the inscription, the effect of suspended particles in the air, pollution, and dust, the change in the writing's color, the loosening of the paint layer, and its separation from the plaster bed due to the passage of time, penetration termites and the porosity caused by their activity in the lower layers, the cracks caused by earthquakes or other shocks and the forces entering the building, and the traces of droppings of birds or other creatures on the surface of the inscription. Measuring the accurate amount of damage on each side was done in the form of three separate images for each side: 1- The reproduced image of each side of the inscription was in black and white without destruction (the processing of this image provides the amount of positive (text) and negative (background) space to determine the amount of damage in other destructions). 2- The recreated image of each side showed infrastructure destruction in red and paint loss in blue 3- A black-and-white image of each side of the inscription was used to estimate surface pollution. Based on this damage imaging method, by comparing the white and black colors on each side and the percentage of white and black in the ‘initial recreated design’, it was noted whether the destruction damaged the writing itself or the background of the inscription. Accordingly, the fifth side had the most serious destruction of the background with 8%, and the the most serious destruction of the text with 7%. The results of the processing of the blue color, which represents the ‘paint loss’ showed that the first side had the highest amount of paint loss (7% loss), which caused the color of the design and the background to be the same. The lowest amount of paintloss was assigned to the second and the third sides. According to the results, ‘surface pollution,’ had a 100% extent in the inscription.ConclusionBased on the reconstruction of the destructed parts, damage imaging, and image processing with computer programs, the damages have been divided into three general categories: 1) destruction of infrastructure materials, 2) paint loss, 3) surface pollution. The results indicate that the most serious damage was caused mainly by the fall of infrastructure materials, paint loss, and environmental pollution. Structural analysis showed that this inscription had all three structural components of inscriptions including the plant system in the upper part, the geometric system in the middle part, and the writing system in the lower part. The greatest similarity was in the plantmotif, and the greatest diversity was seen in the knots of the geometric part. Although these systems were not necessarily used in all architectural inscriptions, this inscription had all three parts in a structured way showing that the designer had designed each component in harmony to achieve a coherent whole.

Abstract The purpose of this research is to present the knowledge sharing model in Maskan Bank of Iran. The research method is applicable in term of its purpose, and mixed in terms of implementation. The statistical population in the qualitative part includes 15 experts, professors, and all people who have had practical or research activities in the field of knowledge sharing, using a purposive sampling method; and in the quantitative part, it includes 344 employees of the headquarters of Maskan Bank of Tehran, using a simple random sampling method. Data collection was done in the qualitative part by using semi-structured interviews; and in the quantitative part by a researcher-made questionnaire. The data-based method was used in the analysis of the data of the qualitative part, and PLS software in the quantitative. The results in the qualitative part showed that 6 structures include: causal conditions (with 3 dimensions of universality and inevitability, the need to change the attitude towards branding, urban brand identity), contextual conditions (with 3 dimensions of brand structural coherence, urban branding, strategic location of city), intervening conditions (with 3 dimensions of tourist behavior pattern, investment/financing, environmental factors), dimensions of the phenomenon (with 3 dimensions of creating a platform for smart tourism, attention to stakeholders, integrated urban brand management), strategies (with 3 dimensions of urban advertising system improvement, smart urban branding design, urban brand culture), and consequences (with 3 dimensions of social capital development, development of quality of life, competitive power of urban brand). Based on the results of quantitative analysis, the relationships between significant research variables and the model have a good fit. Extended Abstract                                           Introduction During many years and working in organizations, human resources acquire sets of ideas, thoughts, skills, experiences and applicable sciences. The collection of such reserves is considered the knowledge of each person, which is recorded in the person's mind over time. As long as this knowledge exists in a person's mind, other people do not have the ability to access and benefit from it. There are many organizations that have such people (Park & Gabbard, 2018). Leibovitz believes that knowledge management is a combination of acquisition and storage of obvious knowledge, along with intellectual capital management. In other words, knowledge management is the process through which organizations use their collected information. Approaches to knowledge management depend on the management perspective. Differences can be caused by information-based, technology-based, and culture-based perspectives (Asgharneghad & Haghdoust, 2022). Therefore, one of the most important means of continuous creation of knowledge is sharing it among all units and members of the organization with an emphasis on technology and social interaction, attention to which has an important role in the survival of the organization in the spaces facing the competitive organization (Gholipour domyeh, 2023). Knowledge sharing is the axis of development and transformation in different societies and it is considered the main focus of training specialized and trained human resources in any society. Realization of knowledge management, sharing and documenting it in financial and banking organizations is one of the basic needs of today's knowledge-oriented society. In the current age, which is called the age of knowledge, organizations are witnessing environments that are becoming more dynamic and challenging day by day, and consider intangible and spiritual capital, called knowledge, as an important and vital factor (Firouzi & Feyzi, 2017). Based on the said material, the researcher is trying to answer the question: what is the model of knowledge sharing in Iran Maskan Bank?   Theoretical Framework Sharing knowledge Researchers state that one of the key assets of organizations is the knowledge they have access to (Hao et al, 2019). Knowledge sharing is the voluntary and enthusiastic transfer of acquired skills and experiences to other people and departments of the organization (Gupta et al, 2019). Knowledge sharing is also defined as informational behavior that requires effort and preparation to be responsive and understand information knowledge sharing (Kurmiawan at al, 2020). Knowledge sharing takes place voluntarily to share their expertise and knowledge with others with the intention of creating an interested learning process (Oyemomi et al, 2019). Hemti Nooddoost Gilani & Bagherzadeh (2023) investigated the relationship between intellectual capital and creativity with the mediating role of knowledge sharing perception in Sanat and Ma'dan Bank. The findings of the research indicated the existence of a positive and significant relationship between intellectual capital and creativity of employees in Sanat and Ma'dan Bank. Also, the mediating role of the perception variable of knowledge sharing in the relationship between the components of intellectual capital and creativity was confirmed. These findings mean that the emphasis on knowledge sharing by employees can have a positive effect on the creativity of employees in a way that significantly influences the effectiveness of intellectual capital on the creativity of employees. Gholipour domyeh (2023) investigated the simultaneous optimization of knowledge sharing and customer loyalty in social networks under the digital marketing approach. The results of the integrated approach on a company active in the field of digital marketing in Tehran showed that there is a significant positive effect of 6.47% between customer loyalty and knowledge sharing at a significance level of 1%. The results of the regression analysis also showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between knowledge sharing and customer loyalty under the digital marketing approach by 1.53%. AHP analysis showed that protestive behavior and purchase intention are the most important components of customer loyalty. Coding and implementation of the proposed bi-objective mathematical model in Games software provided a level of optimization in which maximum shared knowledge with maximum customer loyalty was achieved. Research methodology The research method is applicable in term of its purpose, and mixed in terms of implementation. The statistical population in the qualitative part includes 15 experts, professors, and all people who have had practical or research activities in the field of knowledge sharing, using a purposive sampling method; and in the quantitative part, it includes 344 employees of the headquarters of Maskan Bank of Tehran, using a simple random sampling method. Data collection was done in the qualitative part by using semi-structured interviews; and in the quantitative part by a researcher-made questionnaire. Research findings The data-based method was used in the analysis of the data of the qualitative part, and PLS software in the quantitative. The results in the qualitative part showed that 6 structures include: causal conditions (with 3 dimensions of universality and inevitability, the need to change the attitude towards branding, urban brand identity), contextual conditions (with 3 dimensions of brand structural coherence, urban branding, strategic location of city), intervening conditions (with 3 dimensions of tourist behavior pattern, investment/financing, environmental factors), dimensions of the phenomenon (with 3 dimensions of creating a platform for smart tourism, attention to stakeholders, integrated urban brand management), strategies (with 3 dimensions of urban advertising system improvement, smart urban branding design, urban brand culture), and consequences (with 3 dimensions of social capital development, development of quality of life, competitive power of urban brand). Conclusion The current research was conducted with the aim of presenting a knowledge sharing model in Iran Housing Bank. The results of this research are in agreement with the results of Hemti Nooddoost Gilani & Bagherzadeh (2023), Gholipour domyeh (2023), Azeem et al, (2021), Bayati et al, (2021), Ghanbari & Ahmadi (2022), Tabatabaei et al, (2020), Katlijn et al, (2021), Daphna et al, (2020), and Lee et al, (2020). Katlijn et al, (2021) in their study showed that people believe that their knowledge is an important part of their identity; sharing it is costly, but facilitates greater trust that the recipients of this knowledge have with future reciprocal rewards. According to the results of this research, the following suggestions are presented: Create a culture of knowledge sharing: managers should create a culture that encourages employees to share their knowledge and experiences. This can be through team meetings, internal publications, online systems, or collaboration platforms. Creating an atmosphere of cooperation: encouraging employees to cooperate and interact with each other is important. Banks can promote co-working spaces, hybrid teams, and joint projects so that employees can directly communicate with each other and share their knowledge. Internal training platforms: creating an internal training platform where employees can easily access training resources, recorded trainings, and online courses will help companies to share their knowledge with bank employees.

AbstractThe aim of this research is to identify the dimensions and components of acceptance of social systems of customer relationship management by professional users using Web 2.0 technology. The current research is applicable in terms of nature, qualitative in terms of implementation method, and of descriptive and thematic kind. The statistical population of this research was made up of 15 university professors in the fields of management, business and IT along with managers of digital business companies, selected by non-random sampling method.The criteria for selecting people are having a doctorate degree with more than 10 years of experience in digital businesses, having time, interest and ability to take part in interviews (a semi-structured) and fill the questionnaires. Also, MAXQDA 2020 software was used in data analysis. The identified factors were extracted in the form of 40 indicators, 8 components and 3 dimensions. Components and indicators of dimensions and components of acceptance of customer relationship management social systems included three dimensions; organizational, customer, and technological; which organizational dimension has three components (manpower, organizational culture, organizational structure), customer dimension includes three components (value creation, customer satisfaction, expectation of performance), and technologically has two components (social networks, content production).Extended AbstractIntroductionIn the approval of customer relationship management, organizational changes and organizational developments are always expected. However, there is little knowledge about the effects of these changes on customer relations, employees and the quality of the effect of their activities and behavior on the success of customer relationship management. Factors affecting the acceptance of traditional customer relationship management have been supported by numerous studies in developed countries. Due to this, in developing countries, with significant costs, research studies investigating traditional customer relationship management systems and factors affecting the acceptance of customer relationship management from Companies and their customer prospects are facing infrastructure restrictions (Sana Azeem et al, 2020).The application of social media is the latest development and innovation in information and communication technology in online business. The popularity of social media technology has contributed greatly to this development, as it engages individuals as part of an online social community and fosters peer-to-peer interaction. And it has created a new opportunity for organizations to use social networking platforms to do business, called social commerce. Social business creates prosperity in Electronics transaction through making relationship and sharing the evaluation of experiences of the social media website members in using the various products or services. (Fahadyar et al, 2021).Therefore, the researcher asked the main question, what are the dimensions and components of acceptance of customer relationship management social systems by professional users using Web 2.0 technology?Theoretical FrameworkSocial networking technologies introduced social customer relationship management as a new version of social customer relationship management strategy (Malthouse et al, 2013). Based on the literature, this research defines social customer relationship management as a type of social network technology for customer relationship management. Today, organizations around the world have more and more adopted social media for their different business purposes, such as labor collaboration, intelligent business, and social customer relationship management (Abedin, 2016).Web 2.0 is a term that is often used in relation to the ever-increasing evolution seen in the World Wide Web. This transformation and transition has taken place from a set of websites towards computer bases that serve the final users of web applications. Finally, it is expected that Web 2.0 services will replace everyday computer software in many ways. Of course, it should not be assumed that Web 2.0 means a completely new and different version of Web 1. Rather, Web 2.0 is actually a symbol of the evolution and combination of complementary characteristics of Web 2.0. It is a set of new approaches in the Internet space towards open, flexible and collaborative development models for content production systems that can lead to reducing the costs of information production and processing, increasing public awareness, and increasing the efficiency of systems (Nobre & Silva, 2014).Rabieh & Rezaeiyan (2022) discussed the effect of social customer relationship management on financial performance with the mediating role of customer commitment and customer satisfaction (case study: private banks in Khuzestan province). The results showed that social customer relationship management with the mediating role of customer commitment and customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on the financial performance of the private bank of Khuzestan province.Mehrabi et al, (2022) discussed in their article entitled the explanation of the optimization model of marketing success and customer relationship management in electronic services and businesses. The results of the analysis of the findings showed that; Price, sales promotion, branding, perceptual/emotional features, hardware facilities, software facilities, social media, technological features, networking, innovation, customer orientation, digital marketing, inter-organization factors, marketing, and customer relationship management have a significant impact on marketing and e-commerce success. Following are some suggestions.Research MethodologyThe current research is applied in terms of nature, and qualitative in terms of execution method. The statistical population of this research was formed by 15 university professors in the fields of management, business and IT, and managers of digital business companies; and the sampling method is non-random purposeful to determine a group of experts. The criteria for selecting people were having a doctorate degree with more than 10 years of experience in digital businesses, having time, interest and ability to conduct interviews and questionnaires. The method of data collection was done by a library method. The study tools are literature and research texts. Research FindingsIn order to analyze the data, open and axial coding of MAXQDA 2020 software was used, and the results showed that the dimensions and components of acceptance of customer relationship management social systems extracted by professional users using Web 2.0 technology included in total 40 indicators and 8 components and 3 dimensions. Components and indicators of dimensions and components of acceptance of customer relationship management social systems, including three dimensions: organizational, customer, and technological; which organizational dimension has three components (manpower, organizational culture, organizational structure), customer dimension includes three components (expectation of performance, value creation, customer satisfaction), and technological has two components (social networks, content production).ConclusionThe current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the dimensions and components of acceptance of customer relationship management social systems by professional users using Web 2.0 technology. The results of this research are consistent with the results of Rabieh & Rezaeiyan (2022), Mehrabi et al, (2022), Farsadfar (2021), Fahadyar et al, (2021), Fang (2021), Li (2020), and Jameel et al, (2019). Fang, (2021) has conducted a research under the title of the analytical effect of the e-commerce customer relationship management system based on smart network communication. In this research, he examines the analysis of e-commerce frequencies and the efficiency of customer relationship management. In this way, the existing limitations in the interference of e-commerce links and the construction of matrices of these links have been investigated in order to analyze the performance of the smart network communication system and technology to create a model for the productivity of customer communication. The results indicate that the optimization of e-commerce methods and communication with the smart network improves customer relationship management.According to the obtained results, it is suggested that organizations pay special attention to the customer dimension, which has three components: customer satisfaction, value creation, and performance expectation. For this purpose, organizations through examining cases such as providing support and services to customers in the social networks they use, interacting and communicating with customers in real time, monitoring and quickly solving problems by monitoring and following up social networks, searching and rewarding brand supporters and customers who help others, help make the brand more visible in the places where the audience spends their time, increase interaction and deep relationships with customers, and etc. improve customer satisfaction.In the organizational dimension, due to the importance of human resources, organizational culture, and organizational structure; organizations can address issues such as job satisfaction (salaries and benefits, rewards, employee relations, etc.), job security, secure environment, job hierarchy, delegation of authority, superior and subordinate relationships, and etc., influence the behavior of employees and institutionalize organizational culture among them.Also, in the technological dimension, according to the results obtained and the importance of social networks and content production, organizations can give importance to things such as the content of the work produced according to the conditions and time (so that it can be republished by others), producing targeted content, excellent and attention-grabbing headlines, proper timing, high quality images and videos, avoiding repetition, etc. can achieve better success in the technological field.