Lower Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary sequence in the northwest and southeast of Safashahr (Dehbid) in marginal subzone of southern Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone comprises the Keshtmahaki deposit and few other occurrences of copper (-silver). The oldest rock units in the region are Jurassic shale and sandstone, which are unconformably overlain by the Lower Cretaceous progressive sequence with basal conglomerate, sandstone and silty shale. Copper (-Ag) mineralization occurred in the Lower Cretaceous pyroclastics and volcanic lava. The host rock is a crystal lithic tuff with trachyandesite-andesite affinity in which the stratabound and lenticular ore body is extended discontinuously over 35 km that laterally and vertically changed into orbitolina limestone. Ore minerals include chalcocite, bornite, native copper, digenite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, Ag-bearing clausthalite, covellite, anilite, malachite and azurite. Ore textures and structures are open space filling, vein-veinlet, replacement, disseminated and laminated-like. The lithogeochemical studies in 6 lithostratigraphic profiles from NW to SE of Safashahr indicated Cu (-Ag) mineralization occurrence in a specific stratigraphic unit and a positive relationship with Zn. The lithological, mineralogical, lithogeochemical and microscopic investigations revealed that mineralization initially occurred contemporaneously with volcanism in volcano-sedimentary sequences (absorption of Cu by ferric hydroxide, clay minerals and replacement in feldspar lattice) and then in burial diagenesis during dehydration of pyroclastic and detrital units and alteration resulting from this hydrothermal fluid, Cu released and transported by hydrothermal diagenesis fluids. When this ore-bearing hydrothermal fluid received by the rock unit with high permeability (pyrite-bearing crystal lithic tuff) and reduced conditions resulted from abundance of pyite, replaced them as copper sulphide minerals. S isotopic data of sulphidic minerals indicated that the bacterially sulfate reduction of sea water as an important role provided the nessecary sulfur for sulfide mineralization. Geochemical features of volcanic and pyroclastic units indicated that they formed in an intra-arc rift. On the basis of this study and with respect to some evidences such as tectonic setting, host rock, lenticular shape of the ore body, structure and texture as well as mineral paragenesis we suggest that Keshtmahaki Cu (-Ag) mineralization and surrounding occurrences are Volcanic Red BED (VRB) type deposit that formed and concentrated contemporaneously with submarine volcanism to deep burial diagenesis processes.

Introduction: The BED nucleus stria terminalis (BST) is a part of the limbic system. It was recently shown that chemical stimulation of the BST by L-glutamate elicited cardiovascular depressive responses. In the present study, we have investigated the possible cardiovascular role of the GABAergic receptors in BST by microinjection of its agonist and antagonists.Methods: Experiments were performed on 21 anaesthetized rats. Drugs were microinjected into the BST in volume of 50 nl using streotaxic apparatus. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before and throughout each experiment. The averages of maximum changes in the arterial pressure and heart rate were compared with control group and with its average in before injections using student t-test and paired t-test, respectively.Results: GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline met iodide (BMI, 1 mM), increased both arterial pressure (+14.2±3.08) and heart rate (+9.8± 2.5) (p<0.05). Muscimole, a GABAA agonist (5 mM), caused a significant decrease of the arterial pressure (-10.2 ±4.1) and heart rate (-20.3±9.40) (p<0.01). However, microinjection of phaclofen (5 mM), a GABAB receptor antagonist caused small unsignificant changes of the heart rate and blood pressure.Conclusion: GABAergic inhibitory neurons of the BST seems to cause decrease in the blood pressure and heart rate by GABAA but not GABAB receptors.

Cluster microforms are types of small scale BEDforms found in the surface layer of some gravel BED rivers. These BEDforms are comprised of discrete, organized groupings of particles that sit above the average elevation of the surrounding BED. In this study, flow and sediment characteristics were measured in a laboratory flume with and without the presence of clusters. Experiments were performed under steady flow conditions with clear water over uniform sediments. A statistical analysis using logistic regression was performed to examine the correlation between the occurrence of clusters and various combinations of measured parameters. It was found that clustering was best predicted by and parameters. It is thought that these variables work best at predicting the presence of clusters because they are descriptive of hydraulic and sedimentary conditions.

Resistance to flow is an important and primary parameter in the determination of water surface elevation. A variety of BED forms, especially dunes, have a sensible effect on total roughness. Because of the complexity of BED form development, previous methods differ drastically from each other in predicting dune BED forms. In this paper, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the geometry of dunes in a sand-BED channel and its influence on total channel resistance. The experiments were performed in a flume in the hydraulic laboratory of Shiraz University using sand particles. Simple relations were sought for dune dimensions via some dimensional parameters, and previous methods were compared to each other in light of this new data.

The presence of particles in liquid-solid fluidized BEDs enhances the BED heat transfer, because he movement of the particles leads to an increased turbulence in the system. Moreover, the violent movement of the particles has a positive effect on fouling of the heat transfer surface. The aim of this investigation was to perform systematic measurements of BED voidage and heat transfer coefficient for solid-liquid fluidization in a cylindrical tube and to study the effect of process parameters such as particle size and density, flow velocity, and liquid viscosity on these subjects. A large number of experiments were performed using different cylindrical and spherical particles fluidized in aqueous CMC solution with different concentrations. Using the experimental results, a new correlation for predicting heat transfer coefficient in non-Newtonian liquid-solid fluidized BED heat exchanger was introduced. 

Background & Aims: A fter cancer and cardiovascular diseases, pressure ulcers are the third costly disorders. Most common causes of pressure ulcers development are age over 70 years, being male, white skin, smoking, low body mass index, impaired mobility, altered mental status, urinary and fecal incontinence, malnutrition, etc. Pressure ulcers are a potential complication of intensive care patients and preventing them is a major issue in nursing care.Materials & Methods: This article reviews newest preventive methods of pressure ulcers in ICU.Results: The prevalence of pressure ulcers in Intensive Care Unit is higher than other units. 8% to 40% of ICU patients develop BEDsores because of immunocompromised individuals.Conclusion: Nursing care is regarded as the key factors in the prevention of pressure ulcers. Identification of patients at risk of pressure sore development is the most important issue in pressure sore prevention. The best predictive tool for pressure sores in the intensive care unit is the Braden Scale. This scale is divided into six risk categories: sensory perception, moisture activity mobility, nutrition friction, and shear.