Carious lesions are usually found by dentists, using Bitewing radiographs, and according to the depth of the lesions, the treatment plan is designed. At the present, this technique is the most accepted one and is used generally. But it is not a perfect technique and there are some errors in determining of depth of proximal carious lesions. These errors are mainly related to the use of new high-speed films with broad density and lower voltages. In this study, dentin thickness under proximal caries in Bitewing radiography was compared with its real thickness, in tooth structure. Twenty-four teeth samples with proximal caries were used. Before and after removal of carious lesions Bitewing radiographs were taken and then each tooth was sectioned occlusogingivally and the thickness of dentine under proximal caries and on Bitewing radiographs were measured under microscope with 0.01 mm accuracy. Mean value of dentine thickness in tooth structure was 41% of its mean thickness in Bitewing radiographs, showing 59% difference (reduction). Therefore, more care should be taken in using standard technique and interpreting of Bitewing radiographs by clinicians. Clinical examinations also should be performed in ideal conditions, and patients should be clinically and radiographically examined every six months.

Background and Aim: Achieving the ways to have a proper diagnosis in detection of secondary caries is very important. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of bite wing radiography in diagnosis of secondary caries in posterior teeth in CL. II Amalgam & Composite restorations. (In vitro) Materials & Methods: This experimental study was performed on 60 sound extracted human teeth and 120 Standard Cl II cavities were created in mesial & distal surfaces of teeth and the teeth were randomly divided Into six group. in four of the groups (n=40), a 1.0 mm cavity was prepared in the gingival and axial riml of the restoration. No lesions were created in 2 group, The control group. The teeth were restorated with Amalgam and Composite. The radiography was made with conventional bite wing technique. Three expert observers evaluated the Bitewing radiographs for the presence or absence of secondary caries. Finally, all of the data was recorded on a special table.Results: Statistical analyzes showed: for Cl II Amalgam a sensitivity was (55%), Specificity was (100%), positive Predictive value was (100%), Negative Predictive Value was (67%) and accuracy was (76%) and In Cl II Composite restoration was reported as (71%), (75%), (74/5%), (72%), (73%).Conclusion: this study showed an acceptable sensitivity (72%) of diagnosis of secondary caries in Cl II Amalgam & composite in comparison restorations applying Bitewing technique.

Introduction: Alveolar bone level is changed due to the balance between bone formation and resorption. Precise examination of alveolar bone is done by clinical and radiographic methods. Radiographic examination has an important role in diagnosis and treatment of periodontal patients, so this study was performed to determine the accuracy of Bitewing radiography in alveolar bone resorption. Materials & Methods: This analytical and cross-sectional study was performed in 37 interdental osseous wall of patients who referred to the periodontology department of Babol dental faculty for periodontal surgery in 2004. Vertical Bitewing radiography was done in premolar and molar region by use of Snap-A-Ray film holder. A caliper with accuracy of 0.05 mm was used for measuring the level of interdental bone resorption on cliche. During periodontal surgery the amount of bone resorption was measured by Williams probe. Then datas were analyzed by paired-t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression. Results: The mean value of alveolar bone resorption with Williams probe and Bitewing radiography was 2.66±1.2 and 2.81±1.06 in maxillary molars, 2.31±0.75 and 2.5±1.6 in mandibular molars, 1.73±1.03 and 1.93±0.97 in maxillary premolar and 1.91±1.11 and 2.25±1.59 in mandibular premolars respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, bite wing radiography had high accuracy in measuring the amount of alveolar bone resorption. So, this method can help to diagnose and determine treatment plan of periodontal disease.  

Statement of Problem: Sexual dimorphism plays an important role in forensic medicine. Sexual differences in the human skeleton have been well studied in many populations but odontometric analysis of the human sexual variation has been less investigated.Purpose: This study was designed to determine the sexual dimorphism by enamel and dentin thickness in radiography of maxillary premolars in an Iranian sample.Materials and Method: For this descriptive and analytic study, 100 individuals, (so males and so females) aged 20 to 35 years old, from an Iranian population were selected. The Bitewing radiographs of the right permanent maxillary premolars were taken under standard conditions using a film holder. The radiographs were digitally scanned, and after calculation of image magnification, maximum mesiodistal diameter of dentin, and mesial and distal enamel margins were measured.Data were analysed by SPSS statistical software using T- test and Step function.Results: Mesiodistal dentin dimension was significantly greater in males, but there was no sexual dimorphism in the maximum mesiodistal diameter of crown, and distal margin of enamel. Enamel was significantly thicker on the mesial margin in females. First premolar displayed greater sexual dimorphism than second premolar.Conclusion: According to the study results, for determining sexual dimorphism in forensic medicin, the mesiodistal dentin dimension as well as the width of the enamel mesial margin of upper premolar teeth are acceptable parameters in Iranian population.

Background and Aim: One of the problems in dentistry is the diagnosis of secondary caries under Class II restorations filled with flow composite. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the analog and digital biting radiographic power of secondary caries under composite restorations in Class II cavities with flowable composite base. Materials and methods: The present study is an experimental-laboratory method and in terms of practical purpose, the statistical population of the study includes 32 highly extracted human premolars, of which 64 healthy proximal levels were selected as a sample and divided into 4 equal groups, each group containing 16 proximal levels: Control, case 1, case 2, case 3 are divided and sampling method was based on purpose. The studied surfaces were prepared for Class II restoration and repaired with flowable composite base. Artificial caries was created by PH cycling method with cariogenic solutions. The teeth were then mounted on the putty blocks in pairs and radiographs were taken. The images were randomly and blindly provided to the observer (a maxillofacial radiologist and a reconstructive specialist) and examined, and the presence or absence of caries in the information forms was determined as (yes-no-unclear). After performing the above studies and observations, the images were calculated into two groups, ppv and npv, and with the test, the ratios were judged and compared using the option of pair sensitivity power analysis of PASS18 software. Results: The results of this study showed that digital radiographs had 10 analog samples or15. 6% radiographs in 12 samples or18. 7% incorrect diagnosis(F. P+F. N) and the ratio test showed that this difference in these two radiographic methods was not statistically significant. (P<0. 9) Conclusion: In the diagnosis of secondary caries, composite restorations in Class II cavities with flowable composite digital and conventional radiographic bases have the same power.

Statement of the Problem: After introducing digital radiography, practitioners started reading radiographs from computer monitors; however, many still prefer hard-copy radiographs. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the possible superiority of either type of radi-ograph recording media (computer monitor, film, or paper) in diagnosis and per-ception of the depth of the cariogenic lesions. Materials and Method: Twenty digital Bitewing radiographs, obtained from 200 posterior extracted teeth, were displayed on an LG monitor and printed on paper and film using Kodak printers. Two observers independently measured lesions depth on the images. Serial sections of teeth were obtained and the sections were evaluated by a stereomicroscope to determine the actual depth of cariogenic le-sions. The efficacy of the each medium was assessed by determining its specificity and sensitivity in comparison with those of histological images. Weighted kappa coefficients and the ROC analysis were used for the statistical analysis. Results: Strong intra-and inter-observer agreements (0. 818 to 0. 958, 0. 77 to 0. 85) were found for all detection methods. The highest Az value was obtained with the monitor-displayed images (Az: 0. 879); however, differences between detection methods were not statistically significant (p> 0. 05). Conclusion: Monitor-displayed Bitewing radiographs, paper, and film prints used in our study performed similarly in the detection of proximal caries.

Introduction: Identification of proximal caries is a major challenge faced by dentists. Bitewing radiograph is the method commonly used to detect proximal caries. Another method includes the use of magnification in digital Bitewing radiograph. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of magnification on the diagnosis of proximal caries. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive study 40 sound human molars and premolars were selected. Based on the gold standard, the cavities were prepared under contact point on one proximal surface of the tooth. Teeth were mounted and digital Bitewing radiographs were taken and images were observed at magnifications 5x, 4x, 3x, 2x, 1x. Every tooth was assessed for caries on a 5 point scale. The data was analyzed by Cochrane-Q test. Results: There was a significant difference between the certain sensitivity of proximal caries diagnosis in digital radiography in groups with magnitudes 1, 2 and 3 with magnitude 4 and 5 groups (p value = 0. 04). However, between the probable sensitivity (p value = 0. 298), definite NVP (p value = 0. 496) and probable NVP (p value = 0. 819), definite attribute (p value = 0. 846) and probability (P) There was no significant difference in proximal caries diagnosis. Conclusion: The accuracy in detecting proximal caries increases with a magnification increase and magnification 2x and 3x have the highest diagnostic accuracy but over increased magnification can reduce the accuracy on proximal caries diagnosis.