The present article is going to deal with the important theories of convergence such as the views of functionalists, the neo-functionalists, the theory of Kantory and the view of Schpigel. It will try to highlight the weaknesses and defects of such theories emphasizing the failures in the functions at some levels of different international organizations to bring about convergence and cooperation or interdependence among them. This writing will explain the reason why such organizations have never been able to establish a permanent peace universally up to now. Then it will analyze “convergence” which has its bases in the heavenly doctrine of Mahdism with its advantages and successes in proportion to other theories in the West with their shortages.

Mass media have double role in societies. On the one hand they change and threat social textures of society by arousal also add social disorders, on the other hand they can avoid from making of social gaps by correct management. Western Azarbayjan province has the most effect media because it has joint border with three republic countries such as Nakhjavan, Turkey& Iraq.Here, we need internal media for increasing security of borders, control and environment management, social and political socialization, correlation among various components of society, national CONVERGENCY, support of social norms and so on. Mass media can have important role in the process of social and cultural necessities (which originate from precipitance of history in our age).They can intensify social development and correlation by religious, national, cultural and historical links. It is obvious that in a coordinated system of media has been considered solidarity and stability of development, making of national CONVERGENCY and stable security and strengthening of social security. The goal of this article was to study of mass media role in making national CONVERGENCY and stable security (by emphasis on the role of province media in western Azarbayjan in making CONVERGENCY among borderers of this province). The rate of this effectiveness has answered by expertists of borderer. The results indicate that (a) there is a relationship between TV and CONVERGENCY of four factors such as socialization, strengthening of CONVERGENCY and avoidance of divergence, strengthening of national and Islamic values, (b) there is a relationship between Radio and two factors such as strengthening of national and Islamic values, (c) there is not any relationship between Newspapers and Magazines and four abovementioned factors, (d) the mass media have the most effec t on Salma ’s people and the least effect on Piranshahr ’s people, (e) the preparing and broadcasting of Police films and serials and reports of border events has the most effect among various programmes of mass media of western Azarbayjan.

Introduction     Identity discourses play a critical role in defining the self and the other, as well as the relationship between the two. Political actors use these discourses to determine their alliances and rivalries, making them a significant factor in political conflicts. In Iran, following the Islamic Revolution, conflicts among the political elites were minimal as long as they shared a common identity discourse. However, the emergence of adaptionist identity discourse of religious intellectuals replaced the return-to-self discourse, and had influence on some Left-leaning political elites, leading to fundamental changes in political conflicts. The previous research on political conflicts in Iran has largely overlooked the fundamental role of identity discourses in shaping conflicts among political elites. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the impact of identity discourses on the conflicts among political elites in the Islamic Republic of Iran during 1997–2019.  Theoretical Framework     This research intended to examine the mechanism by which the evolution of identity discourses has influenced the conflicts among political elites in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Concerning the theoretical framework, the study employed the discourse theory of Laclau and Mouffe and the theory of the elite proposed by Lowell Field, John Higley, and Michael Burton. Resarch Methodology                           The research methodology involved identifying structural similarities and providing causal explanations to explain the relationship between the variables. Conclusions     The research findings indicated that the emergence of adaptionist identity discourse of religious intellectuals and its influence on some Left-leaning political elites (modern Leftists) led to a decrease in structural and value convergence among political elites in the Islamic Republic of Iran. As a result, conflicts among elite blocs during the period under study became more frequent, intense, and multifaceted, extending beyond the realm of discourse. In the adaptionist identity discourse of religious intellectuals, the central signifier, self, other, and the mechanism of othering underwent significant changes, compared to the identity discourse of the return-to-self, and influenced the modern Leftists. As a result, they defined a new movement identity for themselves and questioned not only the rival elite but also the value of existing institutions at the level of governance system. The emerging stances were influenced by the identity discourse of religious intellectuals accepted by some political elites, resulting in the transformation of othering mechanisms. These changes had a profound effect on the previously united political elites, leading to a shift in their structural and value solidarity. Consequently, conflicts arose over the advancement of political Islam or democratization. The social base of the Leftists also underwent changes, shifting away from traditional and lower strata towards the urban middle class and forming political alliances with forces outside of political Islam, such as Freedom Movement. Meanwhile, the traditional right responded to the discursive and organizational changes of their rivals through similar reconstruction efforts, which in turn intensified the conflicts among elite blocs. As a result, the relations among political elites in the Islamic Republic of Iran became increasingly divided and intensified over time.     According to the analysis, the conflicts among political elites during 1997–2019 were centered on several key issues, including their attitude towards the Islamic Revolution and its existential philosophy, approaches to solving the country’s problems and promoting progress, orientation towards the international system, and management of cultural issues. Conflicts arose around these new bipolar issues, resulting in the formation of two opposing poles. One pole is characterized by evolutionist, justice-oriented, introverted, and conservative approach in foreign relations, while subscribing to maximalism in the sphere of culture. The other pole is thermidorian, libertarian, extroverted, and developmantalist in foreign relations, but with a minimalistic approach in the sphere of culture. The latter pole has grown in size following the events of 2009.      Given the identity-based and discursive nature of conflicts among political elites and factions in the Islamic Republic, as well as their links to social cleavages and foreign relations issues, it appears that a clear path to resolving these conflicts in the short term is unlikely. To address these conflicts, the first step is to reconstruct existing identity discourses in a way that preserves the core of Iranian identity while also taking into account the emerging needs of society and incorporating them into the articulation of the Iranian identity discourse. Other steps that could be taken include empowering political factions, viewing political activity as a professional rather than a seasonal or electoral activity, promoting interaction and dialogue among elites and factions to eliminate their stereotypical perceptions about each other, improving the quality of elite conflicts by focusing on the country’s priority issues, promoting localism and indigenous thinking to solve the country’s problems, limiting the radical factions and giving more weight to moderate and convergent factions, and strengthening the political training of elites and activists in political factions. These measures should be considered by both political factions and governance institutions.

Designing the pattern of CONVERGENCY or financing system (khums and Zakat) and conventional tax was one of the most important issues after Islamic revolution of Iran. The social, political, cultural, philosophical, juridical and economic dimensions of the issues make it so complex. Researchers have introduced several mechanisms for the integration of this two systems, and each of them have different advantages and disadvantages. This article demonstrates designing the pattern of integration requires a minimum of 6 component. 4 components are related to the field of Islamic financing and collecting taxes and 2 is also related to the field of consumption component that includes tax and Zakat and khums usage type and the structure of its uses. This copmponent with each other prepare several patterns in the field of designing the pattern. This article introduc a pattern of CONVERGENCY or integration of Islamic financing system (khums and Zakat) and conventional taxes as an example.

The main objective of this study is investigating the effect of economic and social infrastructure on economic growth gap within the framework of panel data method among Iran's provinces during the period (2006-2012). In this context, conditional and non-conditional CONVERGENCY hypothesis related to province's economic growth has tested. The results show endorsement of both types of CONVERGENCY of economic growth in the provinces of Iran. Economic infrastructure including communications and energy has a significant positive influence on economic growth. By entering the economic infrastructure variables in the equation of CONVERGENCY the economic growth gap in the regions is reduced. Combined index of social infrastructure has the significant negative impact on economic growth in provinces. So that there are significant positive effect of health expenditure and the significant negative impact of education expenditure on economic growth in provinces. Therefore in order to reduce the gap in economic growth in the country's provinces, paying more attention to economic infrastructure and health sector and to review the allocation of resources in the educational sector is recommended.

At the beginning of the second millennium, the Persian tribes seceded from other Asians and settled in Central Asia. Therefore, Central Asian peoples, especially Tajiks, have the same lingual roots, cultures and language as Iranians. Persian Tajik language is like that of Persian Dari and it is in fact Roudaki Persian. It is for the same reason that inspite of ups and downs in the history and historical secessions among nations and despite remarkable developments within Persian and Tajik languages, differences are not quite unusual. and these two languages seem to be congruent and harmonious.Moreover, after adopting Islam, the Persian speaking inhabitants of the region created close cultural and Language ties with their peoples with Clear Understanding.

In the present work, the shock train structure in a convergent-divergent nozzle investigated using large eddy simulation (LES) methodology based on different subgrid models, including Smagorinsky-Lilly (SL), Wall-Adapting Local Eddy-Viscosity (WALE) and Algebraic Wall-Modeled LES (WMLES) as well as various analytical equations. For gaining a distinct illustration of shock-wave structures, shadowgraph contours are applied to analyze structures of fine flow. The simulated results are obtained at the same geometrical and boundary conditions used in the available experimental data to provide a rational validation. The results of different subgrid models are shown that the WMLES produces more accurate results than SL and WALE models. Thereupon, an investigation of the influence of CONVERGENCY length and discontinuity of nozzle wall temperature on physics of flow for controlling the shock behavior is carried out. The results show that the minimum wall pressure as well as the maximum flow Mach number increase as the CONVERGENCY length rises. In addition, by growth in discontinuous wall temperature, the minimum wall pressure and the maximum flow Mach number reduce.

The computation of the inverse roots of matrices arises in evaluating unsymmetric eigenvalue problems, solving nonlinear matrix equations, computing some matrix functions, control theory and several other areas of applications. It is possible to approximate the matrix inverse pth roots by exploiting a specialized version of Newton's method, but previous researchers have mentioned that some iterations have poor convergence and stability proper- ties. In this work, a stable recursive technique to evaluate an inverse pth root of a given matrix is presented. The scheme is analyzed and its properties are investigated. Computational experiments are also performed to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of the proposed method.