This study was conducted during summer and winter of 2018- 2019 in the agricultural research field of Shahid Chamran University. Experimental design was split- plot based on RCBD with three replications. The main plot was the type of agricultural system in three levels including conventional (Conv), organic (Org) and sustainable (Sust) (integrated between Conv and Org) and sup- plot was the type of pre- cultivated crop in sequence with wheat including cultivation of mung bean (M- W), corn (C- W), sesame (S- W) and fallow (F- W). Yield quantity (yield and its component) and quality (grain protein), an estimate of photosynthesis matter transfer index of wheat and soil organic carbon (SOC) after one double-cropping were measured. The result showed that the highest (545.04 g/m2) and the lowest (409.28 g/m2) seed yields were obtained in Conv and Org respectively. In contract, with the changing type of system from Conv to Org, grain protein was increased significantly (from 8.3 to 9.6 %). In addition, the highest (535.47 g/m2) yield of wheat was obtained from M- W double cropping. On the other hands the highest remobilization and current photosynthesis matter were obtained in the organic agricultural system with M- W and conventional with M- W double cropping. The situation of SOC showed that the highest (33.18 mg/g) SOC was obtained in the organic agricultural system with C- W double cropping. The reason for improving SOC in the organic and sustainable agricultural system was application of organic matter (compost and vermicompost) and crop residue management. Totally, from the crop ecology point of view, sustainable agricultural method with a sequence of M- W was the most desirable system.

In this study the possibility of using fuzzy inference system efficiency, creating a bridge between meteorological, plant parameters, and Daily Yield, and comparing the accuracy of Daily Yield using these SYSTEMS were investigated. After analyzing the different models and different combinations of daily meteorological data, seven models for estimating daily Yield were presented. For these models, the calculated Yield from AQUACROP model was considered as a base and the efficiency of other models was evluated using statistical methods such as root mean squared error, error of the mean deviation, coefficient of determination, Jacovides (t) and Sabbagh et al. (R2/t) criteria. An experiment was carried out during the 2014-2015 growing season in the Agricultural Research and Education Center of Khorasane Razavi province using a randomized complete block design with a split plot arrangement and four replications. This experiment was including of three irrigation levels treatments as the main plot and three method of planting treatments (transplanting 20-days, transplanting 30-days and direct seeded) as subplots. From the available data, 75 percent was used for training the model and the rest of 25 percent was utilized for the testing purposes. The results derived from the fuzzy models with different input parameters as compared with AQUACROP model showed that fuzzy SYSTEMS were very well able to estimate the daily Yield. Fuzzy model so that the highest correlation with the 9 input variables (r=0. 98) had in mind and evaluate other parameters, the model with 2 parameters, match very well with the AQUACROP model had stage training. In the test phase, training phase was very similar results and the model with the second phase of harvest index and canopy cover will get the best match. According to the results of this study it can be concluded that fuzzy model approach is an appropriate method to estimate the daily yield.

Progressive collapse studies generally assess the performance of the structure under gravity and blast loads, while earthquakes may also lead to the progressive collapse of a damaged structure. In this study, the progressive collapse response of concentrically braced dual SYSTEMS with steel moment-resisting frames was assessed under seismic loads through pushover analysis using triangular and uniform lateral load patterns. Two different bracing types (X and inverted V braces) were considered, and their performances were compared under different lateral load patterns using the nonlinear static alternate path method recommended in the Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) guideline. Eventually, the seismic progressive collapse resistance of models was compared to their progressive collapse response under gravity loads. These studies showed that models under the seismic progressive collapse loads satisfied UFC acceptance criteria and limited rehabilitation objective. The structures had better performance under seismic progressive collapse than models under gravity loads because of more resistance, ductility, suitable load redistribution, and more structural elements that participated in load redistribution. Furthermore, despite studies on progressive collapse under gravity loads, the dual system with X braces showed better progressive collapse performance (more resistance, residual reserve strength ratio and ductility) under seismic loads than the model with inverted V braces.

To estimate actual evapotranspiration of grass, an experiment was a weather stationat, the Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 1389 year. In this experiment, actual evapotranspiration grass Deficit irrigation at different levels (5 levels) with a single branch sprinkler system, at two-day period was measure the water balance method. Also was estimated the reference crop evapotranspiration with FAO Penman, Hargreaves-Samani and pan evaporation methods. Coefficients calculated for each plant with water level and Five Fuzzy model was provided for estimating actual daily evapotranspiration. In these models was considered FAO Penman evapotranspiration as the output model. Performance models were compared using RMES, MAE, MBE, t and R2/t. The results showed that evapotranspiration values calculated in terms of standard methods of FAO Penman and Hargreaves - Samani, compared with the water balance method, respectively, 17 and 14 percent more than had been estimated. With analysis of evapotranspiration values in non-standard conditions were found to reduce grass Deficit irrigation is the actual evapotranspiration, The difference amounts to 20 percent evapotranspiration Deficit irrigation conditions was not a significant effect on evapotranspiration. Fuzzy model output results also showed that the fuzzy models developed using the combined model (PMF56) had a high Match and the ability to estimate actual evapotranspiration are included in the daily scale.

To determine the utility of locomotion, lameness, lesion type, pain response, color and size scoring system as the qualitative indices for assessing the severity and prevalence of papillomatous digital dermatitis" PDD" and evaluating the individual therapeutic effect of solka hoofgel The Longitudinal field study was conducted on a 750 cows (230 lactating and 520 no lactating), commercial closed Holstein dairy herd in the vicinity of Tehran, Iran. These cows have had the experience of group treatment with topical spray solution of lincomycin HCL in previous year for control of PDD. Thirty eight lactating cows considered lame on the basis of locomotion scoring (1-5) with a range score of 2 -5. Among these cows 17 cows were diagnosed with lesions of PDD in different stage of development on the basis of lameness score (0-3) with an average score of 2.05 ±0.68. Each cow was restrained in a chute and lesion (0-4), pain (0-2), color (0-3)and size(0-3)scores were done prior to application of hoofgel and holding in place by bandage. Treatment was repeated every 3 days in three turns. Lesions were re-scored on day 15 and the changes in each score between initial and final scoring were calculated and the comparision was made statistically using Paired "t" test. Significant difference in evaluated scores between initial and final course of PDD lesion showed apparent healing effect of hoofgel with noticeable improvement in lesion score(-1.70±0.81), pain score(-1.05±0.63), color score(-1.23±0.81)and lesion size(1.17±0.80) respectively. From the results of this study it is concluded that converting the subjective scores to a numerical index provides criteria to assess when to intervene as well as to assess the impact of any intervention designed to monitor alleviate lameness due to digital dermatitis in a cow or in a herd level.

Background: The municipal waste landfill sites have high a potential of contaminating the environment and having effects of the human health due to waste degradation, production of leachate, carbon dioxide and methane gases. The present study aims to evaluate the location of the solid waste landfill using GIS and based on the Oleckno index. Assessment parameters included average annual rainfall, soil type and ground water beneath and adjacent to the landfill site.Methods: This study was based on field- and library-based data collection, and surveys of relevant data. Then data were registered into the GIS environment and overlaying layers analysis method was used.Findings: In 2010 the total rainfall in the landfill region was less than 150 mm/year. The soil material was clay loam, and the average distance from the floor of the landfill to the groundwater level was 3-9 meters. As calculated results showed that, the Oleckno Index score in the study area was 40. This means that the conditions were good and there was low groundwater pollution potential.Conclusion: The new landfill site of the city and suburb of Isfahan had a good Oleckno index and the possibility of contamination of groundwater by leachate production based on this index was also low.

The city's regeneration is one of the strategies that lead to urban deterioration and inefficient textures towards revitalization. Using SYSTEMS thinking on the subject of reinvention can lead to the identification of complex SYSTEMS that are considered effective in producing and reproducing worn-out textures. In this regard, this study was to benefit from a systemic approach in identifying the the roots of the production and reproduction of historical/worn-out textures in Semnan city. The leading research is among the applied research, and in terms of information and data analysis, it uses the descriptive-analytical method. The tool for collecting information is also in documents and surveys. The statistical population of the research was 18 university professors, experts, and officials familiar with the urban fabric of Semnan, who were selected by the snowball method. In the end, using experts' opinions, 24 variables were selected as effective drivers of Semnan's production-reproduction system of worn tissue. MicMac software was used for structural-interpretive analysis of variables. The results show that the rules and regulations governing the regeneration of the studied area are the most important and effective factors. Also, the special ownership conditions governing barren, ruined, and ruined lands have caused the private sector to have no incentive to invest in this area and reproduce the existing conditions. With the continuation of the current process, the existing situation is reproduced. Breaking this round of the reproduction process requires a constructive look at the target neighborhoods from the city administration and government agencies, which can provide the basis for the presence of private sector investors in these neighborhoods

Air conditioning SYSTEMS are used in industries and residential environments with the aim of improving environmental conditions and creating a comfortable temperature for users. Considering the production of sound and vibration in most of its components, the lack of control of the production sound level always exposes the users to unwanted sound, which in addition to hearing complications, also causes fatigue and dissatisfaction with the environmental conditions. . Compressors are one of the most important sources of sound production in air conditioning SYSTEMS, and screw compressors are one of the most widely used in air conditioning industries. Therefore, the compressor shell should be designed to minimize the transmission of sound from inside to outside. Since the maximum working temperature of compressors is up to 80 degrees Celsius, therefore, in this research, an acoustic test was performed on a sample of a screw compressor shell in two modes of ambient temperature and maximum working temperature inside the acoustic room, and the effect of temperature increase on the sound pressure level. transferred from the shell to the external environment is discussed. Finally, based on the frequency analysis performed in two conditions of ambient temperature and maximum working temperature and comparing the amount of sound transmitted to the environment at different frequencies, practical solutions to reduce the amount of transmitted sound pressure have been presented.

Objective: This paper sought to develop a food supply chain model that integrates the operational decisions (vehicle routing and scheduling) with strategic decisions (crossdocking centers locating) in a hub network, considering life-real constraints and the perishable nature. Methods: In this research, an integer Goal programming model for location, timing, and vehicle routing problems is proposed with the possibility of split demand for fresh items in which the impact of perishability is considered as the second objective besides the total cost. Accordingly, an augmented-constraint method was used to generate a Pareto optimal for these conflicting objectives. This model was implemented in CPLEX software, 20. 1 version. Results: Previous studies neither considered the perishable nature of the items in crossdocking locations nor the split delivery vehicle routing scheduling models. The most important aspect of innovation in this research was that the characteristics of split demand in improving the timing of vehicles were used and in addition to improving the cost function, the value of the second objective function (network accountability) was also increased dramatically. The results of sensitivity analysis on some parameters such as shelf life of products (SL), quality reduction point (QRP), and capacity of vehicles (Q), showed the efficiency of the proposed model. Conclusion: Finally, the proposed model was utilized in random data and numerical results, and some managerial insights were provided. Comparing the results of the proposed model with the benchmark model in equal experimental conditions, the efficiency of the proposed model was confirmed. CROSS-DOCKING is nowadays used by many companies and industries and the provided model by this study can be applied especially for time-sensitive products.