This paper presents a new extended high-efficiency range Doherty Amplifier. This Amplifier uses a main and only a single auxiliary Amplifier. In order to increase efficiency and extend the output high-efficiency range, asymmetrical cells are employed as the main and auxiliary Amplifiers in class-F harmonic termination Complex Combining Load (CCL) methodology. To verify the proposed methodology, a Doherty Power Amplifier (DPA) with 12 dB output back-off (OBO) is designed and fabricated for wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) applications. Large signal continuous wave measurement results show the power gain of about 10. 9 dB with a drain efficiency of 66 % at 12 dB of OBO. A two-tone test exhibits a third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD) of lower than-21. 5 dBc. Modulated wave measurements show over 56. 5 % of average drain efficiency and an adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACLR) of lower than-26. 5 dBc at an output power level of 31. 5 dBm.

Background and Objectives: In this paper, a new design strategy was proposed in order to enhance bandwidth and efficiency of power Amplifier. Methods: To realize the introduced design strategy, a power Amplifier was designed using TSMC CMOS 0. 18um technology for operating in the Ka band, i. e. the frequency range of 26. 5-40GHz. To design the power Amplifier, first a power divider (PD) with a very wide bandwidth, i. e. 1-40GHz, was designed to cover the whole Ka band. The designed Doherty power Amplifier consisted of two different amplification paths called main and auxiliary. To amplify the signal in each of the two pathways, a cascade distributed power Amplifier was used. The main reason for Combining the distributed structure and cascade structure was to increase the gain and linearity of the power Amplifier. Results: Measurements results for designed power divider are in good agreement with simulations results. The simulation results for the introduced structure of power Amplifier indicated that the gain of proposed power Amplifier at the frequency of 26-35GHz was more than 30dB. The diagram of return loss at the input and output of power Amplifier in the whole Ka band was less than-8dB. The maximum Power Added Efficiency (PAE) of the designed power Amplifier was 80%. The output P1dB of the introduced structure was 36dB, and the output power of power Amplifier was 36dBm. Finally, the IP3 value of power Amplifier was about 17dB. Conclusion: The strategy presented in this paper is based on usage of Doherty and distributed structures and a new wideband power divider to benefit from their advantages simultaneously.

A continuous-wave solid-state-based power Amplifier is designed and simulated in this paper to work as an RF injector into an ECR ion source chamber. Employing a solid-state radio frequency power Amplifier, instead of microwave tubes, leads to having higher efficiency, lower price, compact size, and longer lifetime. Also, a modular design can be achieved for designing higher output power by repeating lower power sources and Combining them. The proposed solid-state source can deliver more than 200 W power to the ion chamber with a single high-power transistor. The selected Doherty high-power transistor is internally matched to 50 ohms and does not need a bias sequence circuit. Two gain stages are applied to drive the high-power transistor. The designed RF source is simulated using the Advanced Design System (ADS) based on the measured scattering parameters of components. Simulations show an output power of more than 57 dBm with a tunable frequency bandwidth from 2. 3 to 2. 5 GHz.

In the coupler design, there are some important parameters, including size reduction, harmonic suppression and insertion loss, which affect the quality of the final product. Thus improving each of these parameters contributes to a more efficient design. In this paper a novel Rat-race coupler with size reduction and harmonics suppression is designed. In the proposed coupler structure, parallel capacitor and indicator are used. The proposed device correctly works at 800 MHz and occupied small size of 46. 3mm×23. 15mm (0. 17λ ×0. 08λ ), which shows more than 63% size reduction compared to the conventional coupler. The proposed coupler not only reduce the circuit size but also suppresses 2nd, 3rd and 4th harmonics with 21dB, 38 dB and 20 dB attenuation levels, respectively. The proposed coupler provides wide rejection band from 1. 6 GHz to 3. 3 GHz with more than 20 dB attenuation level. The insertion loss parameter is less than 0. 1 dB and more than 40 dB return loss and isolation are obtained at operating frequency, which show superior performance of the proposed Rat-race coupler.

A High-gain, fully balanced preAmplifier is presented. The proposed structure advantages flipped voltage follower scheme to achieve a compact current conveyor with very low input impedance. The presented current conveyor then is used as a core element to realize a high-gain, gm-enhanced trans-conductance Amplifier. The presented Amplifier is suitable for application as a preAmplifier. The high gain of Amplifier makes it very suitable to be configured in a feedback form to deliver a high-precision predefined or programmable amplification gain. The proposed structure draws a very low power of 150nW from a 0.6V supply voltage. The Spectre Post-layout simulations with TSMC 180nm CMOS technology have been performed. The proposed amplifier exhibits an open-loop DC gain of 141.5dB and 3-dB frequency bandwidth of 2.4kHz at 60dB closed-loop configuration. The Load capacitance is set to be 5pF. The proposed structure also delivers high CMRR and PSRR values of 148.3dB and 153.7dB, respectively.

Introduction: Carney Complex is an autosomal dominant syndrome that is defined with different tumors including myxoma in different organs, endocrine tumors and lentiginosis lesions. This is the first case report of this syndrome from Iran.Case: The patient is a 27 year old girl, referred with flank pain. Physical examination revealed hirsutism, truncal obesity, hyperpigmantasion and hypertension; Cushing's syndrome was suggested and confirmed with related classic biochemical tests. She had history of cardiac myxoma during her childhood and had been operated twice.Pituitary microadenoma and right adrenal adenoma were reported on MRI and CT-scan, respectively. Initially laparascopic right adrenalectomy was done; as expected, no remission in signs of Cushing's syndrome was observed after surgery. By laparoscopic adrenalectomy of the other site, Cushing's syndrome resolved. Pathologic report of 1st operation was adrenal adenoma with surrounding pigmented micronodular hyperplasia and of the 2nd one was just pigmented micronodular hyperplasia.Conclusion: We have reported a patient with Carney syndrome along with Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and an adenoma in contralateral adrenal and microadenoma of the pituitary as an incidentaloma. This is a new presentation of Carney syndrome.

In recent years, nonlinear circuit analysis techniques have been extensively investigated. One of the most important reasons is the application development of solid-state devices at microwave frequencies. Different methods have been used to analysis large signal behavior of these devices. In this paper Load-pull curves (one of design requirement) are obtained using Volterra series. The main advantage of this technique is shortening the time of computations for weak nonlinear analysis in cases such as Class A power Amplifiers. The proposed procedure has been coded in MATLAB. Using iterative methods, Loads with constant output power have been obtained. Finally the results are compared to experimentally measured values and a fair degree of calculation between them is observed.

In this paper two dimensional wave propagation is used for power Combining in drain nodes of a distributed Amplifier (DA). The proposed two dimensional DA uses an electrical funnel to add the currents of drain nodes. The proposed structure is modified due to gate lines considerations. Total gain improvement is achieved by engineering the characteristic impedance of gate lines and also make appropriate variation in the output of gain cells. All variations are done with respect to input and output reflection loss considerations. Analytical expression for the gain of the proposed DA is presented and design considerations for electrical funnel are discussed. Based on two dimensional power Combining a wide band DA is simulated using TSMC 0. 18 CMOS model in ADS which consumes 49. 42 mw from 1. 2V power supply. Good agreement between the proposed DA gain and calculated value is achieved. Although one stage DA is used, the final results yield a high figure of merit (FOM) in 0. 18 CMOS technology. The final design shows 11. 1 dB gain from near DC to 23. 6 GHz, noise figure between 3 to 5. 2dB and maximum output power of 7. 1dBm at 1-dB output compression point (OP1dB).