Mixer- settlers are widely used for solvent extraction process in industry. The aims of this project are Simulation of Fluid flow and optimizing the operational conditions of settler in solvent extraction process. Designing and meshing of settler geometry is done by Gambit software. Then, in order to simulate the Fluid flow, the meshed designed imported to Ansys Fluent software. Simulation results were verified before Simulation. Effect of Inlet volumetric on phase separation investigated. The effect of geometry of picket fences was investigated by the presence of cubic, cylindrical picket fences, picket fences with 5 corner cross section and half cylindrical picket fences. A few extra plates of picket fences were located near the entrance of settler. Phase separation in presence of two and three rows of picket fences investigated. Results indicate that by reducing the inlet volumetric rate, increasing the number of rows, putting extra plates of picket fences in front of entrance and decreasing the closed to open surface ratio to 2, separation improves.

There are two approaches for simulating memory as well as learning in artificial intelligence; the functionalistic approach and the cognitive approach. The necessary condition to put the second approach into account is to provide a model of brain activity that contains a quite good congruence with observational facts such as mistakes and forgotten experiences. Given that human memory has a solid core that includes the components of our identity, our family and our hometown, the major and determinative events of our lives, and the countless repeated and accepted facts of our culture, the more we go to the peripheral spots the data becomes flimsier and more easily exposed to oblivion. It was essential to propose a model in which the topographical differences are quite distinguishable. In our proposed model, we have translated this topographical situation into quantities, which are attributed to the nodes. The result is an edge-weighted graph with mass-based values on the nodes which demonstrates the importance of each atomic proposition, as a truth, for an intelligent being. Furthermore, it Dynamically develops and modifies, and in successive phases, it changes the mass of the nodes and weight of the edges depending on gathered inputs from the environment.

Hydrocyclones are the most efficient used classifiers in the grinding circuits. Hydrocyclones are normally modeled and simulated using empirical models. These models can only be used within the range of the experimental data from which the model parameters have been derived. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool in simulating Fluid flow in hydrocyclones. This research work deals with 3D Simulation and modeling of Fluid flow in a single phase hydrocyclone using CFD. The main Simulation steps include preparing the geometry, meshing it, defining the properties of the materials involved, and setting the boundary layer and conditions. The experimenal data measured in a laboratory hydrocyclone were used for validation of the model. The Simulation results indicated that the tangential velocity increased traversing towards the core, before decreasing at the interface with the air core. The liquid axial velocity inside the hydrocyclone varied from-1. 59 m/s to 6. 52 m/s. The axial velocity is a result of two swirling flows, the inner upward flowing inside the air core and the outer downward flowing near the cyclone wall. The liquid axial velocity inside the hydrocyclone varied from-5. 58 m/s to 5. 46 m/s. The LES model showed the least error on predicting the velocity profiles, the air core dimensions (7. 8%), the pressure drop (7. 52%) and the mass split ratio to overflow (0. 18%). The effect of various geometric (spigot diameter, vortex diameter and cone angle) and process (feed flow rate) parameters on tangential velocity of the Fluid was investigated.

The three-dimensional oil-water flow in horizontal pipe has been investigated by introducing population balance equation (PBE). The water fraction of inlet flow and mixture velocity varies from 46% to 60% and from1. 25 m/s to 3m/s, respectively. The multiple size groups model has been applied to the non-uniform drop size distribution in oil-water flow. The drop coalescence models have a clear efficacy on the prediction capability of the PBE. In this work, drop coalescence model for oil-water is modified and used for predicting the phase distribution of dispersed oil-water in horizontal pipe. Population balance with modified Coulaloglou’ s frequency model is used. The attention of the modification is on the presence of droplets that reduce the free space for droplet motion and cause an enhancement in the collision frequency. The phase distribution profile from numerical results is presented and discussed. Acceptable agreement with the experimental data is achieved by using the modified coalescence model. Also, at 46% water fraction and mixture velocity equal as 3 m/s, model with population balance with modified Coulaloglou is 4% and 1% better than Luo’ s model and Coulaloglou’ s model, respectively.

This work compares the accuracy and calculation efficiency of various tetrahedral and polyhedral meshes in a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Simulation of a stirred tank. The polyhedral mesh was found leading to much fewer mesh cells than the tetrahedral one without missing the calculation accuracy. The CFD numerical Simulation results of the polyhedral mesh better agree to the experimental data comparing to the tetrahedral one at the same mesh cell number. In addition, the results of polyhedral mesh were also found to be more accurate than the tetrahedral one which was refined by adaptive meshing based on the velocity gradient.

Nowadays in the industrial world, because of increase of heart transplantation demand, long-term ventricular assist devices (VAD) are more needed. Implantable sac-type is one of the newest of them producing pulsatile flow. In this research, three different models of sac-type VAD are numerically simulated. Simple motion is supposed for moving wall in model 1. In model 2, the motion of moving wall is assumed wavy form to study the effect of moving wall form on blood flow. In model 3, the pressure boundary condition is added to model 2. In this model, the effect of actual blood pressure on flow pattern is considered. Results of each model demonstrate the viscose term of blood flow stresses applied to the membrane is negligible, and only pressure term is effective. However, the motional pattern of membrane and also applied pressure on boundary are approximately ineffective on blood flow pattern.

Flash-boiling atomization is one of the most effective means of generating a fine and narrow-dispersed spray. Unless its complexity, its potential has not been fully realized. In this paper, a three dimensional chamber has been modeled with a straight fuel injector. Effect of flash-boiling has been investigated by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques. A finite volume approach with the standard k–ε turbulence model has been used to carry out all the computations. The dimensions of studied vortex tubes are kept the same for all models. Finally, some results of the CFD models are validated by the available experimental data which show reasonable agreement, and other ones are compared qualitatively. It is confirmed that flash-boiling effectively accelerates the atomization and vaporization of fuel droplets.

This study, for the first time, tries to provide a simultaneous experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Simulation investigation for production of uniform, reproducible, and stable polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles. CFD Simulation was carried out to observe Fluid flow behavior and micromixing in microFluidic system and improve our understanding about the governing Fluid profile. The major objective of such effort was to provide a carrier for controlled and sustained release profile of different drugs. Different experimental parameters were optimized to obtain PLGA nanoparticles with proper size and minimized polydispersity index. The particle size, polydispersity, morphology, and stability of nanoparticles were compared. MicroFluidic system provided a platform to control over the characteristics of nanoparticles. Using microFluidic system, the obtained particles were more uniform and harmonious in size, more stable, monodisperse and spherical, while particles produced by batch method were non-spherical and polydisperse. The best size and polydispersity index in the microFluidic method was obtained using 2% PLGA and 0. 0625% (w/v) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solutions, and the flow rate ratio of 10: 0. 6 for PVA and PLGA solutions. CFD Simulation demonstrated the high mixing intensity of about 0. 99 at optimum condition in the microFluidic system, which is the possible reason for advantageous performance of this system. Altogether, the results of microFluidic-assisted method were found to be more reproducible, predictable, and controllable than batch method for producing a nanoformulation for delivery of drugs.

One of the most important sources of volatile organic compounds is chemical solvent manufacturing. In addition to causing a lot of pollution to the environment, these organic materials are also economically harmful due to waste. For this reason, removing organic matter from industrial water or wastewater, as well as retrieving them, is an important issue. In this paper, the Simulation of the process of separating volatile organic material from water by using nano-fiber membrane has been investigated. COMSOL Multiphysics software was used for numerical Simulation of the system. By simulating in different conditions, it is possible to evaluate the performance of a membrane process in the removal of various pollutants. Finally, in order to evaluate the accuracy of the results of the Simulation, the results of laboratory experiments by Feng et al. Were used. The Simulation results show that after five hours, the concentration of chloroform at 60 ° C was reduced from 1157 to 400 ppm. At 23 ° C, the amount of organic matter lost from 1347 to 1080 ppm. The difference in gradient variations in these two temperatures is mainly due to the change in the Henry coefficient in the VLE, which increases with increasing temperature and improves the chlorophyll penetration inside the membrane and consequently improves its removal rate. Comparing the variations in the concentration of feed inside the tank at these two temperatures indicates that the Simulations are very suitable for laboratory Simulations with a relative difference of 11%.