This study examined the effect of remittance inflows on human development in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) member countries from 1990 to 2018. The study applied second-generation techniques. Based on the results of the second-generation unit roots test, our variables had mixed stationarity. In addition, the result of the Westerlund cointegration technique showed that long-run relationships exist among the variables. In addition, the long-run and short-run coefficients from Dynamic Common Correlated Effects (DCCE) and Cross-Sectional Autoregressive Distributive Lags (CS-ARDL) techniques revealed that remittances inflows promote human development. Moreover, it was revealed that financial development and foreign direct investment inflows positively impact human development, while the short-run coefficients were statistically insignificant. The causality test results showed a unidirectional causal link between remittance inflows and human development and between financial development and human development. In contrast, a bidirectional causal link was demonstrated between foreign direct investment and human development. Therefore, the study concluded that remittance inflows promote human development in OIC member countries. The policymakers in OIC should consider policies that will attract migrant workers to send remittances to their home country.

The role and influence of the natural resources abundance on economic growth is considered as a puzzle in the economy. In order to investigate this issue, quality of governance role and the diffusion of information and communication technology as a facilitator of good governance settling have been considered and due to studying topic data for 31 oil-rich countries (proxy for natural resources index), from 1980 to 2015, and dynamic common correlated effects method is used. The results of the study show that the role of natural resources in economic growth depends on the quality of governance in countries. Natural resources in high-quality governance nations have become an important and essential factor for economic growth, but in countries with poor governance, natural resources have deterred economic growth. It means natural resources abundance causes economic activities boosts while there is good governance, and with low quality of governance, natural resources abundance will slow down economic growth. Also, according to the results, it could be said that diffusion of ICT causes resource abundance to improve economic growth in the group of countries that the level of information and communication technology is low. This is because of market transparency, increase public awareness through access to more information and more government accountability towards people.

The study of the relationship between the development of information and communication technology(ICT), financial development and economic growth has always been the focus of researchers and policy makers and due to differences in views on the relationship between those and the diversity of modeling of studies in this field, researchs has not resulted in a single result. On the other hand, with the development of technology and the introduction of fuzzy logic, developed modeling methods and the possibility of consolidating expert opinions in an intelligent inference system based on collective wisdom to create indicators of ICT development and financial development now exists. Accordingly, in this study, after consolidating the opinions of experts in a knowledge base consisting of 414 questionnaires on the relationship between the constructive sub-indicators of financial development and ICT development, fuzzy indicators of financial development and ICT development using the Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System(MFIS) then assess the short-term and long-term causal relationships between ICT development, financial development and economic growth in the form of a panel error correction model considering the Dynamic Common Correlated Effects(DCCE) using annual provincial data during The period from 2001 to 2017 was covered. After consolidating the opinions of experts and creating fuzzy indicators, only in the short run, the positive causal relationship from ICT development to economic growth was confirmed.

By simultaneously applying pinch technology and the exergoeconomic method to a complex process system, beneficial and energy-efficient measures are identified. The \three-link-model" exergoeconomic methodology optimizes the design and operability of a system. In this work, contrary to traditional exergoeconomic methods, a reversed method is used. The approach proposed for the optimization of such a complex system is to iteratively optimize subsystems. Since the reversed exergoeconomic method is used, assumptions considered by Tsatsaronis (based on four assumptions for calculating the costoptimal exergetic efficiency and relative cost difference) are not applicable and new assumptions are to be considered. Unlike traditional exergoeconomic methods, the product exergetic specific cost is considered to be known and the objective will be to maximize the exergetic cost of the fuel. Heat ows costs are calculated with the assistance of a Pinch analysis. The strength of the combination of a Pinch analysis and the exergoeconomic method is elucidated in a case study applied to the Mazandaran wood and paper industry. Replacement of the pressure valve and Direct Cyclone Contact Evaporation (DCCE) is proposed, while by selection of the optimum decision variable and applying Pinch technology simultaneously, the recoverable black liquor could be increased by 7% and energy consumption decreased by 12%.

Introduction: ABO antigens and the glycoproteins constituting the blood groups such as Kell and Rh systems are the mostly focused blood groups in transfusion medicine. Their importance is tightly associated with the presence of natural isoantibodies, their protein structure, and immunogenicity. The aim of our study was to assess the distribution of major Rh and Kell antigens and the most probable genotype in a normal population of Qazvin city, Iran. Materials and methods: This study was done on 1000 healthy people who were candidates for getting driver’ s license. The blood samples were tested for Kell, ABO and major Rh antigens by standard tube agglutination method. Results: Out of 1000 samples studied, the prevalence of RhD was 86. 6%. The incidence of other Rh antigens i. e. C, E, c and e was 73%, 29. 8%, 72. 1%, and 95. 9% respectively. The most common phenotype in the samples was DCCE and the least one was shown to be CcEe. Kell antigen frequency was 8. 2%. On the other hand, 91. 8% of people were indicated to be negative for the Kell antigen. Conclusion: Taken together, the amount of the individuals negative for the Kell and Rh system are adequate to provide new policies for identification of these antigens for both blood donors and recipients.