Background: Dyssynergic DEFECATION does not respond appropriately to routine treatments of constipation. Recently, researches have shown that biofeedback therapy is useful in anorectal dyssynergia. This study compared two treatment modalities for these patients.Methods: Fifty nine subjects with dyssynergic DEFECATION were recruited. They allocated randomly to two groups of balloon DEFECATION training and biofeedback therapy. In the first group, a balloon was inserted into the rectum and inflated with water injection; so that the patient had the sensation of full rectum and thus the need to defecate; then the patient was asked to reject the balloon. In the biofeedback group, the pen electrode of EMG biofeedback was inserted into rectum and the patient tried to increase abdominal pressure and relax rectal muscles accordingly.Findings: The findings of the study showed a reduction in constipation of both groups. The ability to reject balloon (volume and time) was significantly better in post-intervention measurements; better results were found in biofeedback arm of the study. Patient satisfaction after treatment reached to 52% by balloon training and 79% in biofeedback group. Report of incomplete evacuation and need for digital use during DEFECATION stayed constant after treatment in balloon trained cases. Conclusion: Biofeedback seems to be superior to balloon DEFECATION training and did made measurable changes in subjective and objective variables of dyssynergia.

Background: Rectal prolapse, characterized by the extrusion of the rectal mucosa through the anal sphincter, is a relatively rare condition in children. This condition can be attributed to several anatomical and functional factors. This study aimed to investigate DEFECATION habits in children with rectal prolapse. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from 2017 to 2021 in Akbar and Sheikh children's hospitals. The study population included 50 children under the age of 14 who were diagnosed with rectal prolapse and visited the hospitals. Data were collected using pre-prepared checklists and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Inclusion criteria were children under 14 years diagnosed with rectal prolapse, while exclusion criteria included incomplete data or other severe unrelated health conditions. Results: The results showed that 67.4% of the sample were boys, and the most affected age group was children under 2 years (38.8%). A total of 57.1% of the children had daily bowel movements, and 68.2% reported consistently hard stools. Additionally, 48% of the children experienced pain or burning during DEFECATION. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that children with rectal prolapse often face challenges related to stool consistency and DEFECATION pain, despite having frequent bowel movements. These results emphasize the need for targeted interventions to improve stool consistency and manage pain to effectively prevent and treat rectal prolapse.

Objective: To investigate the 12h: 12h light / dark changes of feeding, drinking and DEFECATION in laboratory rabbits. Design: Experimental study. Animals: Ten male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.5 - 3kg. Procedure: Rabbits were individually maintained in standard cages (45 45 60cm) in a laboratory under controlled temperature (20 - 23°C) and 12/12h light – dark cycles for induction of adaptation. They were fed with a commercial pelleted diet and water twice daily (7.00 and 19.00h). Fecal pellets and consumed food and water were measured every 4h for 10 consecutive days. The rates and ratios of the above mentioned parameters were calculated at 12h light, 12h dark and total 24h periods. Statistical analysis: Repeated measures ANOVA and Duncan test. Results: Maximal rates of food and water intake were obtained at 19-23 and 23-3h time intervals. Their minimal rates were occurred at 3-7h time interval. DEFECATION, with minimal rates at 7-11 and 11-15h time intervals, showed maximal rates at 15-19,19-23 and 23-3h time intervals. Food, water intake and DEFECATION rates at 12h dark period were higher than that of 12h light period. The 12h dark / total 24h ratios of the parameters were higher than that of 12h light / total24h ratios, too. Clinical implication: From the results of this study it is concluded that laboratory rabbits perform more of feeding, drinking and DEFECATION activities from the beginning to middle hours of dark period. From this point of view, rabbits belong to the nocturnal animals group.  

Background & Objective: Defecatory dysfunction is a common problem among women who are referred for urogynecological care. Pelvic organs prolapse (POP) which is a downward displacement of pelvic organs is one of the common conditions among patients with defecatory problems. This study was planned to evaluate the correlation of obstructive defecatory symptoms with the site and severity of pelvic organ prolapse and the anorectal manometry results. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed between Dec 2018 and Nov 2019. A total of 150 women with symptoms of defecatory problems were enrolled. Patients were classified in two groups according to each compartment prolapse staging and severity: stage ≤2 and stage >2. The correlation between defecatory symptoms and pelvic organ prolapse examination, anorectal examination and anal manometry were evaluated. Results: A total of 150 women were evaluated. There was a significant correlation between higher stage of anterior compartment prolapse (cystocele stage>2) and constipation (P=0. 035). Although all the defecatory symptoms were more frequent in anterior prolapse stage>2, but the difference was not significant (P>0. 05). There was no significant correlation between defecatory symptoms and severity of posterior compartment prolapse. There was a significant correlation between stage>2 of apical prolapse and all the defecatory symptoms (P≤0. 05). The abnormal anal resting and squeeze pressure and abnormal balloon expulsion test were more frequent in stage >2 of all compartments prolapse, but the difference was not significant (P>0. 05). Conclusion: Obstructed DEFECATION syndrome was more frequent in patients with higher stages of anterior and apical prolapse. Abnormal manometry results were more frequent in patients with defecatory dysfunction with advanced vaginal prolapse.

Histidine at the doses 30 and 60ml/kg had no effect when injected at 7:00h, or at 19:00h. Histidine at the doses of 120, 240 and 480 mg/kg decreased DEFECATION at the first 8 and 24 hours post injection, respectively, when injected at 07:00h. The amino acid at the doses of 120, 240 and 480 mg/kg decreased the number of fecal pellets at 2, 8 and 24 h post injection, respectively, when injected at 19:00h. Suppressive effect of histidine in the light period was more intense and lasted longer than that in the dark period. The mean number of pellets for each individual prior to the interventional study was recorded as interval negative control.

Background: Dyssynergic DEFECATION disorder (DD) has recognized as the main factor for chronic functional constipation. This was a debilitating disease effective on diverse aspects of physical, psychological and social functions as well as patients’ quality of life generally. Modern studies show positive impact of biofeedback therapy on dyssynergic DEFECATION. This study was evaluated the efficacy of biofeedback on quality of life in patients with dyssynergic DEFECATION.Material and Methods: A total of 30 patients with dyssynergic DEFECATION disorder visited tertiary care centers who were selected. Among them, 15 subjects underwent 8 biofeedback therapy sessions as experimental group and remaining subjects were placed into control group without biofeedback intervention. Both groups participated in pre-test and post-test of 36-item short form survey (SF-36) of quality of life. Data were analyzed and compared by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).Results: Findings shows that biofeedback therapy was effective on quality of life patients with dyssynergic DEFECATION (p= 0.001) Also, index effect suggested that 53% increased of QOL patients with dyssynergic DEFECATION in experimental group can be related to biofeedback therapy. Also in 8 cases, results indicated that biofeedback therapy was effect on quality of life in patients with DD (p<0.05).Conclusion: Given the results in this study, biofeedback is a long-term effective method to treat with limited side effects in dyssynergic DEFECATION and patients QOL.