There are many different examples of characters and positions in Shahnameh. Among active characters in Shahnameh, one can mention DETECTIVEs that were involved in DETECTIVE missions, including spying, acquiring news, and informing. In the current study, personal traits, responsibilities, motivations, and DETECTIVE techniques of these characters were investigated. The findings indicated that DETECTIVEs played an important role in technical features and narrative components included in Shahnameh. Furthermore, they were praised by Firdausi due to their personal traits when they were commemorated with qualities such as wise, competent, and insightful. Their most important responsibilities were awareness of enemies’ army and their number and watching people wanted by the king. They reported these issues to lieutenant generals in the absence of kings. In order to be successful in their missions, the DETECTIVEs made use of different tricks such as changing the face, hiding their name and identity, wearing the enemy's formal uniform, etc. Attaining popularity and honor, receiving rewards, and showing power and efficiency are among the most important motivations of the DETECTIVEs in Shahnameh.

The transformation in crime domain and its complexity require that in order for people to remain safe from crime, they should be aware of criminal ruse to prevent being affected by it. Therefore; the only thing that can immunize people from crimes, is DETECTIVE literacy. DETECTIVE literacy is one of the series of existing literacy in the community that if people pay more attention to it and know it, they can suffer less damage from crimes and criminals. Describing the dimensions of DETECTIVE literacy concepts in the community and the role it plays in crime prevention and mitigation and peoples’ relations with the police is useful. The method used in this article is of applied and descriptive-analytical types. When people are aware and their police and in particular, DETECTIVE literacy improves, they can somehow participate in police activities, and therefore; police can prevent case file surge. In other words, when people are aware, they can actively cooperate with police in restoring order and security in their community and they can set the stage to reduce crimes in their community. When different classes of people are provided with fundamental training commensurate with their age and cultural background on different crimes and methods of countering them, the level of DETECTIVE literacy will increase in the community and its security status will be optimized, as well.

During the past two decades, the DETECTIVE genre has experienced an unprecedented boom in Latin America. Many of the writers writing in this regard have highlighted the role of women in DETECTIVE frames. This paper examines a series of DETECTIVE novels to examine broadly the evolution of the female figure in contemporary DETECTIVE novels of Argentina, Chile and Mexico. Here, we show how the woman DETECTIVE starts imitating and parodying the figure of male DETECTIVE, but, over time, come to develop her own style of being and feeling, reaching a defined personality that allows us to report, in some cases, the difficult social reality that surrounds her.

Throughout all stages of linguistics evolution, including the modern one, the problem of correlation of content and form, symmetry/asymmetry of denotation and connotation is an ongoing problem. The relevance of the current research is, on the one hand, defined by the focus on the unresolved problem of syntactic phraseological models' semantic-functional status, and, on the other hand, driven by the focused attention to the representation of intension in the information structure of phrasemes, which differ by correlation of qualitative-quantitative and relational meanings. Phraseomodels, which are analyzed in the aspect of inter-model correlation, are correlated with those phrase models that include the slishkom. . ., chtoby part, which shows the redundancy in the quality or in the condition, and with those that include the ne tak/ne nastol'ko/ne stol'. . ., chtoby part, in which the quality of the subject, on the contrary, does not exceed the bare minimum for something to happen.

The present article aims to analyze Richard Brautigan’, s Dreaming of Babylon: A Private Eye Novel 1942 (1977) in the light of the genre of Metaphysical DETECTIVE Story. As a postmodern genre, Metaphysical DETECTIVE Story alters the customary features of traditional DETECTIVE stories in order to go beyond simple murder mysteries and become a literary phenomenon which examines the questions of being. The central questions of the article are: what makes Richard Brautigan’, s Dreaming of Babylon a metaphysical DETECTIVE story? What are the functions and implications of metaphysical elements in the novel? To answer these questions, first the characteristic features of metaphysical DETECTIVE stories are introduced and then they are contextualized in the novel. Focusing on such concepts as ‘, parodic DETECTIVE, ’,‘, dreams, ’,and ‘, circular narrative, ’,the present research demonstrates that the novel subverts the standard tropes of hard-boiled DETECTIVE stories and becomes a philosophical novel which portrays a bleak world and a failed hero. It also shows that as a postmodern novel, Brautigan’, s Dreaming of Babylon deals with life in the postmodern era and explores the questions of being and knowing in the contemporary world, characterized by uncertainty and doubt regarding existence.

Ismail Fasih is one of the most famous and prolific writers in the field of fiction, especially police and DETECTIVE literature. Some of his works such as Shahbaz and Jagdan, Sharab Kham, Dard Siavash, Del Kor etc. mostly have a police and DETECTIVE aspect despite the fame of this author. As the results of this research show, he was strongly influenced by Agatha Christie and her DETECTIVE novels. Thus, if we compare the police-related works of these two authors, we can find many common elements in the field of police literature in their works. Ismail Fasih was influenced by Agatha Christie not only in the choice of the narrator's language and the way of characterization, but also in the choice of the plot of some stories. This assertion can be proved by comparing the texts of the two authors. In this research, the authors have tried to explain and prove the influence of Agatha Christie's eloquence in a descriptive-analytical way and with the method of library documents. This is a work that has not been done before by the researchers and critics of fiction literature and it is new in its kind.

The most of researches on DETECTIVE goods have emphasis on tort law i.e. restitution, negligence liability, strict liability and … therefore, they have not pay attention to the right to replacement and the right to restitution of DETECTIVE goods, however, the mentioned rights are more economical and prior to restitution, particularly, there is no damage related to DETECTIVE goods. This article tries to consider the economic philosophy of right to replacement and right to retraction of DETECTIVE goods and their position in Iranian Law from the view of economic analysis of law.