The purpose of the study was to design a curriculum for the elderly education based on DIALOGUE education approach. Jane K. Vella is the setter of this approach and the most important feature of this approach can be considered its attention to the audience and their special needs. The method of conducting this research is the application of the recommendations of the DIALOGUE education approach. Sampling among the elderly participating in the course was voluntary and by sending an invitation. In sending the invitation, an effort was made to cover the maximum diversity of education, gender, and social status. In order to select the content based on the participants' needs, the list of Iranian elderly's educational needs was given to the six elderly who attended the educational meetings for selection. After selecting the content, the elements of the dialogical curriculum were determined. In the implementation phase, changes were made to adapt to the context, in the design and implementation process, and all the implementation and design phases were validated by Vella and the team members. Considering the special characteristics of the elderly, such as having experience, independence and self-directedness, the curriculum used for them should be able to take into account these characteristics, and considering the high flexibility of the DIALOGUE and listening approach, as well as the achievement of all learners to the goals of each meeting, the approach to design educational courses in centers whose audience is the elderly, can increase the effectiveness and attractiveness of the courses.

DIALOGUE is pragmatically oriented theory of knowledge and an obvious master key to the assumption that by human’s activity DIALOGUE is presented in one way or another throughout his/her communication in the social life. Although DIALOGUE is itself not a systematicepistemology, can be gauged against failure of monologue systematic coping with new challenges raised by the objective natural knowledge. DIALOGUE can be considered as means to overcome the gap between "matter" and "sprit" in the field of social sciences; it is part of a major social tendency in modern thought to re-conceptualize epistemology better to accord with the new versions of mind and progressive models of the world that began to emerge in social sciences, it is an attempt to frame a theory of knowledge in an age when relativity dominates natural sciences and thus when noncoincidence of one kind or another raises new questions about the very existence of knowledge.

With each other about the identity of something or debating with each other.In other words it’s a debate between two people in which one person with giving reasons tries to prove his superiority and thought to another. From the point of logic DIALOGUE means: Two competitors focul prove their own ideal about the issue and to demons trate the right and truthfulness.In scientific DIALOGUEs, the result of the DIALOGUE one person is winner and another is loser as the result and final step of the DIALOGUE. In Arabic history of literature the DIALOGUE between the and Kasaei.By studing some works of grammarians, we find out that DIALOGUEs always didn’t occur among the followers of different schools with different ideas, but also it takes place among the followers of the same school.Their disagreement within the school, didn’t mean they refused the principles basic elements of the school, but they disagreed with each other on the interpretation of the priciples, and this is advantage not short coming.

Ms. Mathilde Schwabeneder, whose connection to Iranian Studies dates back to her education period in Rome, believes that the main role of culture in international relations is to build a bridge between people of different countries. The author believes that, given the tensions in relations between the Western and Islamic worlds over the past two decades and the emergence of signs of an end to globalization ideas, now is the time to start a new DIALOGUE. There is a need to break down new and disruptive walls in the cultural relations of nations, this time from a new perspective. Wir brauchen Dialog Zusammenfassung Frau Mathilde Schwabeneder, deren Verbindung zur Iranistik auf ihre Studienzeit in Rom zurückgeht, ist der Ansicht, dass die Hauptaufgabe der Kultur in den internationalen Beziehungen darin besteht, eine Brücke zwischen den Menschen verschiedener Länder zu schlagen. Die Autorin ist überzeugt, dass angesichts der Spannungen in den Beziehungen zwischen der westlichen und der islamischen Welt in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten sowie der Anzeichen für ein Ende der Globalisierungsideen nun der richtige Zeitpunkt für einen neuen Dialog gekommen ist. Es ist erforderlich, neue und trennende Mauern in den kulturellen Beziehungen der Nationen zu überwinden – diesmal aus einer neuen Perspektive. Schlüsselwörter:Kultur in den internationalen Beziehungen, Brückenbauer, Globalisierung, Dialog, neue Perspektive.

In traditional medicine, the depressed and exhausted patient extended his hand towards the doctor and by providing his history asked for his help. These days, the patient having some awareness and relative information about his/her problem enters in to a DIALOGUE/consultation in solving the problem.In order to assess physician- patient DIALOGUE, in teaching hospitals located in the North, South, East and West of Tehran, an in terview was conducted with 2000 patients while being discharged from the hospital. According to the patients remarks, the study showed that physicians listened patients" histories and complaints (86%), A honestly tackle them and pay respect to their personality (85%), but patients mostly males, educated ones and the older ones were critical of the fact that the physician did not have the needed discussions with them about the different treatment modalities (45%), possible adverse effects of the treatment regimen (53%), and the outcome of the disease(35%) if can be concluded that the physicians carefully listens to the patients complaints but themselves do not engage in sufficient DIALOGUE.

This study explores DIALOGUE, a dominant style in both traditional and contemporary poetry / prose  narrative literature, in Shahname as a classical  masterpiece. To this end, initially, the concept and terminology of DIALOGUE is scrutinized from the viewpoint of narration and its position and functions are discussed. Then, a reasonably large number of various DIALOGUEs are extracted from Shahname and examined in terms of their different features, including their in/directness and the partners. Finally, to analyze the role of this literary element, a subset of the distinguished DIALOGUEs basically concerned with champions are analyzed further for their content and topic and how they correspond with the conditions and setting factors. It is concluded that the literary element under study is basically represented in the heroic section and the dominant theme is boastfulness.

The relationship between individuals and groups and nation is basically for meeting needs, deficiencies and shortages that they have naturally. In order to reach to this developmental goal and the realization of, and increasing, capacities, wealth, welfare, peace and coexistence, modern people and societies by means of reason and societies by means of reason and societies by means of reason and science and with specialized division of labor and free exchange of word and goods and productive completion and DIALOGUE and negotiation and compromise at both national and international levels cooperate with each other, In fact, as this article seeks to explain it, the context of peace and mutual understand ding and DIALOGUE and " DIALOGUE and development" Compromise leads to development, but the context of war and violence and tension leads backwardness and decline.

Encounter with the Western civilization is the most complex issue in Iranian modern history. Understanding the logic of this encounter in different groups of Iranian society can play a key role in understanding the experience of modernity in Iran. Although generally studies on this encounter are limited to modern and traditional intellectuals, in this paper I have concentrated on two other cultural mediators from common people: one Ilchi or Legate of Qajar dynasty and one Indo-Persian Journalist. I have tried to explain the logic of understanding and confrontation with the West through Weberian approach.The results show that Iranian people’s mental conditions and cultural experience of the Other (the West and modernity) in the socio-historical context of Iranian society has had a powerful influence on this encounter. Iranian experience of encounter with the West has also been affected by the cultural and historical geography of modernity (European modernity and Indian modernity). As a conclusion, in understanding the history of Iranian modernity, it is necessary to differentiate and to consider the geographical routes of this exposure, and the main actors, as well as the historical conditions of modernity. Therefore, any account of cultural History of Modernity in Iran requires a deep understanding of this multi-dimensional and multi-layered experience.

DIALOGUE and communication with other render philosophy of language. The well-known linguists and critics such as Tzvetan Todorov, Mikhail Bakhtine and Emile Benveniste have emphasized in their arguments the philosophy of DIALOGUE and communication and have recognized it as one of the branches of science of linguistics. However, it should be noted that scientific theories of DIALOGUE are more pratical in literature, especially in novels and plays. In this article it is attempted to discuss the application of DIALOGUE and its mechanisms with regard to the theories of critics and linguists in literature. First, we have talked about the creation of "New Novel" movement and its characteristics. Then, we have discussed the great changes which this literary movement has created in domain of novel especially DIALOGUE. The application of DIALOGUE and its mechanisms in the traditional novel is more different than "New Novel". In these two current literary movements, DIALOGUE has been studied from two points of view of from and content. In the traditional novel, the elements such as names, titles, pronouns, dash etc. play an important role in DIALOGUE. But in "New Novel" playing with the words and complexities of language make the DIALOGUE and its mechanisms. In brief, "New Novel" demands new DIALOGUE.

Hermeneutics, which was a method of discovering the truth in sacred texts, became a general method of understanding in its course of development. Schliermacher and Dilthey used hermeneutics as a method of understanding the life of mind. This kind of hermeneutics is referred to as subject-centric. Max Weber used this method in his outstanding classical The Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalifm. Yet, with the linguistic turn in the beginning of the 20th century, subject was replaced by language as the main category of understanding. Gadamer(s) linguistic-centered hermeneutics advanced the idea that discovering the truth is possible through DIALOGUE among traditions in the context of their historical development. Habermas, criticizing the shortcomings of Gadamer(s) hermeneutics, suggests that understanding the life-world and everyday life is possible only through a DIALOGUE aimed at redeeming the communication from distortion