Iranian traditional DOMES are of the most notable samples of traditional construction in Iran during thousands of years, many of which still standing on seismic parts of the country for many centuries. Structurally, Iranian DOMES can be categorized into single, double and triple-shell DOMES. Single-shell DOMES are the earliest type of DOMES. The single-shell is the main load bearing part. Double-shell DOMES consist of two shells, and they are divided into continuous and discontinuous types. In continuous double-shell DOMES the distance between the two shells is small and shells are connected by brick connectors. In discontinuous double-shell DOMES there is a considerable distance between the two shells. For structural stability of some DOMES meridian walls or stiffeners are built in the space between the two shells. There are also a few DOMES with three shells. In this paper, structural systems of a number of Iranian historical DOMES made of masonry materials will be discussed and their structural strength and stability due to dynamic effects of earthquake will be presented. The document will also explain the structural role of meridional stiffeners in double-shell DOMES.

Wind force is one of the lateral loads in the design of structures. One of the parameters for calculating wind force on structures is called pressure coefficient (CP), which is related to the geometry of the building. The design codes provide the pressure coefficient of conventional buildings. In the absence of these coefficients in the design codes, wind tunnel testing or numerical modeling should be used. Numerical method based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used in modeling to simulate wind flow. The model used in computational fluid dynamics in this research is the K-ε (Standard) model. The sphere is modeled with a diameter of 50 cm and the results of numerical modeling are compared with the results of the wind tunnel test presented in reference [2]. The dome is made with different height to span ratio, with increasing height-to-span ratio to maximum The negative pressure (suction) obtained at an angle of 90o increases as this value reaches –2.24 in dome 122, and it is also observed that at an angle of 150o to 180 o the pressure coefficient is constant for all DOMES. Finally, the equation the wind pressure coefficients of this type of dome is presented.

Introduction and purpose: The house flfly, Musca DOMEStia L., is one of the most common health pests around the world, and its control is important due to the transmission of human pathogens, especially in unfavorable health conditions. Considering that plant essential oils are appropriate alternative to organic chemical insecticides, the present study aimed to investigate the effffect of the essential oils of eucalyptus and yarrow in controlling t he house flflies. Methods: The essential oils of yarrow (Achillea millefolium) and eucalyptus (Eucapyptus glbulus) were extracted using a distillation apparatus. Concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% of the essential oils were prepared separately. Male and female house flflies aged 2-3 days were exposed separately to the essential oils using spraying, treated surface, and bait methods. The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA and probit analysis in SPSS 24 software. Results: The obtained fifindings showed that spraying yarrow and eucalyptus essential oils had better effifficacy against the house flfly with LC50 values of 9. 8% and 10. 8% and LC90 values of 25. 1% and 29. 8%, respectively, compared to the treated surface and bait methods. Conclusion: The essential oils of eucalyptus and yarrow plants have potential to control the house flflies in human dwellings due to their lethal properties and high safety. However, to use these essential oils as insecticidal compounds for house flfly control, more research under fifield conditions is needed.

Arches, vaults and DOMES are common features in the cultures of old civilizations. They were usually made of sun-dried bricks, fired bricks or stones with different types of mortar. The majority of these components are vulnerable to seismic effects. To present a viable study on their seismic vulnerability, all the factors influencing their behavior need to be investigated. In this paper, the construction materials used and the structural features of these elements are briefly described. Furthermore, the different aspects of using numerical methods for analyzing these elements are discussed. Finally, measures needed to improve their resistance are suggested.

The Gireh is an Islamic geometric pattern which is governed by mathematical rules and conforms to Euclidean surfaces with fixed densities. Since dome-shaped surfaces do not have a fixed density, it is difficult to make use of a structure like Gireh on these surfaces. There are, however, multiple DOMES which have been covered using Gireh, which can certainly be thought of a remarkable achievement by past architects. The aim of this paper is to discover and classify the strategies employed to spread the Gireh over dome surfaces found in Iran. The result of this research can provide new insights into how Iranian architects of the past were able to extend the use of the Gireh from flat surfaces to dome-shaped elements. The result of this paper reveal that the projection of Gireh on dome surface is based on the following six strategies: 1- Spherical solids, 2- radial gore segments, 3- articulation, 4- changing Gireh without articulating, 5- changing the number of Points in the Gireh based on numerical sequences, and 6- hybrid. Except for the first method, all of the other strategies have been discovered in this study. The radial gore segments strategy is different from the previously-developed methods.

Purpose: In Islamic architecture, using arches to build dome-shaped buildings has been very common. So, the research on building the DOMES of shrines and mosques is undoubtedly directed at studying the arches of those buildings. In this article, we will investigate and geometrically model the DOMES from the perspective of differential geometry and as a rotating surface. We try to present the scientific connection between the art of architecture and differential geometry in a way that interests experts in both architectural and mathematical trends.Methodology: In architecture, the dome is the product of a productive cycle around the vertical axis. This interpretation is equivalent to the definition of the rotating procedure (generating curve) in the subject of differential geometry. Special methods can obtain the generator curve. At first, according to the drawing method, we parametrize half of the arch in the Euclidean xoz plane according to the length of the dome opening and then rotate the resulting curve (or the generating curve) around the vertical z-axis. The method of conducting this research is quantitative and includes calculations related to the types of DOMES, and its type can be considered descriptive research.Findings: We found a significant link between the mathematics that governs domed buildings and the productive arch.Originality/Value: Considering the multitude of types of arches in architecture, in this article, after stating some necessary definitions of differential geometry, in addition to presenting the method of drawing each arch, we will only bring the calculations related to the types of arches with legs, horned goats, five-o-seven and shamrocks. Ultimately, we will implement our calculations on the dome of Juma Mosque in Ardabil.